https://w3id.org/np/RAc084xzJD3t43LRlff2SLgUr3YXl0WSk120ffpaDCiQk
.trig | .trig.txt | .jelly | .jelly.txt | .jsonld | .jsonld.txt | .nq | .nq.txt | .xml | .xml.txt
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sub:assertion {
<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test> a <https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment>;
dc:description "Downloaded Tree of Sex vert.data-may19.csv from Dryad 10.5061/dryad.v1908 and kept the 705 rows whose higher taxonomic group is Fish (298 genera), all of which have a sexual-system code. A genus lacks separate males when at least one species note says simultaneous hermaphrodite and does not offer that as an alternative ('or'), or when the sexual system is apomictic or the note says gynogenetic or unisexual. Protogynous, protandrous, bidirectional and rudimentary notes do not count. WoRMS AphiaRecordsByName and NCBI Taxonomy were fetched for the exact strings Erythrinus and Channa; a hit counts as Aristotle's fish only if the payload mentions Aristotle. Neither does. K is 16 genera against a denominator of 298, which meets the pre-registered refute rule K >= 3 and N >= 50.";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "Measured: 16 fish genera coded as lacking separate males (explicit simultaneous hermaphrodite or unisexual) (n = 298, exact counts on the Tree of Sex vertebrate file; the file is not a complete fish fauna). Interpretation: Aristotle's 'milt' is the male gonad and his 'uterus' is the female gonad, not a mammalian uterus. 'Some individuals have milt and others a uterus' is gonochorism, or sequential hermaphroditism in which different individuals are male and female at a time. 'No separate males' is simultaneous hermaphroditism or an all-female species. A kind is a genus. The claim file's suggestion that erythrinus and channa are serranids is not used as an identification; only a fetched source can resolve the names, and an unresolved name stays unresolved.";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Claim test of aristotle-ga03-14: refutes, confidence 0.86";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso> <https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga03-14/result.json>;
prov:wasAttributedTo <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7>;
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets> "A public species-level table of fish sexual systems with an explicit code that separates gonochorism, sequential hermaphroditism, simultaneous hermaphroditism and unisexuality, plus a taxonomic record that either links erythrinus and channa to Aristotle or leaves them unresolved. String-homonym matches are not identifications. The table must be independent of Aristotle's text.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType> "claim-test/0.1.0";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind> "biological";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation> "Three or more fish genera are coded as simultaneous hermaphrodites or as all-female, or the resolved names are gonochoristic.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst> "Aristotle's erythrinus and channa are unresolved. WoRMS and NCBI match the strings to freshwater genera (Erythrinus, Characiformes, AphiaID 269109, taxid 754153; Channa, Anabantiformes, AphiaID 268714, taxid 33789) and neither record mentions Aristotle, so those hits are homonyms, not identifications.",
"FishBase was not opened. The pre-registered primary table resolved, so the FishBase fallback did not run.",
"The genus Erythrinus inside Tree of Sex is gonochorous, and Pagellus erythrinus is a protogynous species epithet. Neither row links the name to Aristotle.",
"Tree of Sex scores 705 fish species in 298 genera, not every fish. Sixteen scored genera are enough to refute a claim that only two kinds lack separate males. The fraction 16/298 is not a rate for all fishes; the database over-represents unusual sexual systems.",
"Two hundred and ninety-one hermaphrodite rows are protogynous, protandrous, bidirectional, rudimentary, or ambiguous ('simultaneous or protogynous') and were not counted, because those animals still have separate male and female individuals or the code does not say.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation> "At most two fish genera are coded as lacking separate male and female individuals, and those genera are the fetched identifications of erythrinus and channa.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion> "Refutes if N >= 50 and K >= 3 (more than two kinds lack separate males), whether or not the two names resolve. Mixed if N >= 50 and K <= 2 but the names are unresolved, or they resolve to taxa that are not those K genera, or a resolved taxon is coded as gonochoristic. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if no table distinguishes gonochorism from simultaneous hermaphroditism or unisexuality. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if 0 < N < 50. Inconclusive, reason not-operationalizable, if K <= 2 but one or more genera are coded only as undifferentiated hermaphrodite, so K could cross 2 once simultaneous and sequential codes are separated. The denominator N and the fraction K/N are reported either way.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence> "0.86"^^xsd:double;
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence> <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test--dataset-1>,
<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test--dataset-2>,
<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test--dataset-3>,
<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test--dataset-4>;
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict> "refutes";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis> "If the claim holds, then among fishes with a recorded sexual system, at most two genera lack separate male and female individuals, and those genera are the modern taxa that a fetched source identifies as Aristotle's erythrinus and channa.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod> "Count genera, not species, so one hermaphroditic genus is one kind. K is the count of genera with an explicit simultaneous-hermaphrodite or unisexual species. N is the count of genera with any sexual-system code. Support requires K <= 2, N >= 50 and both names resolved onto those genera. K >= 3 refutes. Undifferentiated hermaphrodite codes are reported and block a support verdict.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion> "Primary table: a public species-level sexual-system table for fishes (Tree of Sex Dryad deposit 10.5061/dryad.v1908 if it resolves to such a table; otherwise a FishBase v24.07 table that has an explicit sexual-system or hermaphroditism field). Let N be the number of genera with at least one species coded for sexual system, and K the number of those genera that contain at least one species coded explicitly as simultaneous hermaphrodite or as unisexual/all-female (no separate male class). Sequential hermaphrodites have separate male and female individuals at a given time and do not increment K. An undifferentiated code 'hermaphrodite' does not increment K. Supports only if N >= 50 and K <= 2 and both classical names resolve and every scored species of the resolved taxa is coded as lacking separate males and those genera are among the K genera. Name resolution: a fetched WoRMS, NCBI Taxonomy, FishBase, or table record counts only when it links the name erythrinus or channa to Aristotle or to the fish he describes. A modern genus that merely matches the string (including Erythrinus and Channa as currently used) is recorded as a homonym and is not a resolution. If the names stay unresolved, the test cannot support.";
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dc:description "species-level sexual system and notes for fishes; denominator and exception genera";
dc:license "CC0-1.0";
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<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test--dataset-2>
a <https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem>;
dc:description "title, version, CC0 license, and the citing paper DOI 10.1038/sdata.2014.15";
dc:license "CC0-1.0";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Dataset: DataCite record for Tree of Sex";
prov:atLocation <https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.5061/dryad.v1908>;
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<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test--dataset-3>
a <https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem>;
dc:description "exact-name records; neither JSON mentions Aristotle, so both names stay unresolved";
dc:license "not stated in the fetched JSON";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Dataset: WoRMS AphiaRecordsByName for Erythrinus and Channa";
prov:atLocation <https://www.marinespecies.org/rest/AphiaRecordsByName/Channa?like=false&marine_only=false>,
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<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test--dataset-4>
a <https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem>;
dc:description "exact scientific-name matches; neither record mentions Aristotle, so both names stay unresolved";
dc:license "not stated in the fetched records";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Dataset: NCBI Taxonomy esearch and efetch for Erythrinus and Channa";
prov:atLocation <https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=taxonomy&id=33789&retmode=xml>,
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this: dc:created "2026-11-08T16:24:31.738Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
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dc:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>;
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npx:introduces <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-14--claim-test>;
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Claim test of aristotle-ga03-14: refutes, confidence 0.86";
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