https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAzW2hOzeZ2muQSdLV9w-wzUgfirUG91OxEoL87Mt7Gew/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Each page was stripped to sentences. A sentence scores the right kidney caudal when it says the right kidney is lower or the left lies more cranial, and cranial when it says the right kidney is further cranially. The two human pages must agree. The dog-and-cat guide scores both species only from its side-comparison sentence, which does not name one of them. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 1 scored species in which the right kidney is caudal to the left (n = 3). Interpretation: 'Higher up' is read as cranial, toward the head, in a quadruped or in a human standing in anatomical position. The scope is every animal with kidneys. The test does not need to survey every species: the claim is universal, so one species with the opposite arrangement refutes it, and support would require every scored species to agree and at least two species to be scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha01-24 (pr-120): refutes, confidence 0.88 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha01-24/pr-120/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Open anatomical texts that state a cranio-caudal difference between the left and right kidneys. OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology 2e section 25.3 and the JABSOM posterior-abdominal-wall page are human sources. The University of Minnesota dog and cat abdominal-viscera guide is the non-human source. A sentence scores a species only if it compares the two sides. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least one species has the right kidney caudal to the left or the two kidneys level. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A universal is refuted by the human arrangement even where a carnivore matches Aristotle. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The dog-and-cat sentence says the right kidney is further cranial, and it does not separate the two species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst These are anatomical teaching texts, not a survey of every kidney-bearing animal. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Every scored kidney-bearing species has the right kidney cranial to the left. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. REFUTES if at least one scored species has the right kidney caudal or level with the left. A single counterexample refutes the universal. MIXED if the only species that can be scored has conflicting statements across sources, so the direction is not established, or if two sources of the same species disagree. INCONCLUSIVE with reason data-unavailable if no source states a left-right difference. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.88 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis In every animal that has kidneys, the right kidney lies cranial ('higher') to the left kidney. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Right is coded caudal if the text says the right kidney is lower, more caudal, or inferior, or that the left is higher, more cranial, or superior. Right is coded cranial if the text says the right is higher, more cranial, or superior, or that the left is lower or more caudal. A source that matches both directions is a conflict and is not scored. Species: the two human pages must agree before Homo sapiens is scored; the dog or cat is scored only from a sentence about that animal. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--pr-120 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. 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