https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAydfnqUDdygbZcnwDqt9JuGqb93UKNQl3EIj73f4B6G8/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py downloads the Skibiel milk CSV and reads fat and protein as numbers. A species counts as having milk when either value is numeric. Cetaceans are order Cetacea or a listed cetacean family. Hairy milk is every other milk row. Monotremata rows with numeric milk fail the oviparous-absence clause. The AnAge zip is opened only to read the header; weaning blanks are not treated as absence. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 2 clauses passing out of 4 (n = 130). Interpretation: Aristotle's internally and externally viviparous animals are placental and marsupial mammals in modern terms: hairy terrestrial mammals, and cetaceans. Breasts are teats, nipples or mammae, not the mere presence of milk. Milk is a numeric fat or protein in a milk-composition table. Oviparous animals are birds, bony fishes, and monotremes. A monotreme with milk falsifies the universal claim that oviparous animals have no milk. Cetacean mammary slits satisfy 'breasts' only if a morphology field says the gland is present; a milk row alone does not. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha03-22: mixed, confidence 0.55 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha03-22/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A downloaded milk-composition or lactation table with a checksum, covering named species, with units for fat or protein. Absence counts only where the codebook or an explicit code says the trait was scored as absent. Wikipedia, textbooks and blanks do not count. The table must be independently published. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Fewer than 10 hairy mammals with milk, cetaceans listed with explicit absence of milk, teats coded absent in every listed cetacean, or a numeric milk value for a monotreme, bird or bony fish. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Binomials are used as printed, including Stenalla attenuata, Tursiops truncates, order Perrissodactyla and order Soricomorpha11. The two dolphin rows are in family Delphinidae. One protein cell is the string 8.4*; that row still counts because fat is numeric. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Hairy milk and cetacean milk pass. The table has no teat, nipple or mamma column, and the AnAge header has weaning age but no milk or teat presence column, so the breasts clause is unscored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Oviparous absence fails because the platypus and the short-beaked echidna, both Monotremata, have numeric milk fat and protein. The table has no bird or fish rows, so those groups are not scored as lacking milk. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The DESCRIPTION says License: MIT + file LICENSE. The LICENSE file itself contains only YEAR 2018 and COPYRIGHT HOLDER Nathan Brouwer. Row references name Oftedal & Iverson (1995); that paper's DOI was not fetched. Milk composition is not a measurement of external breast shape. Confidence stays at or below 0.6 because breasts are unscored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Numeric milk components for at least 30 hairy mammals across 5 orders and for at least 1 cetacean, a morphology code of teats or mammae for those groups, and explicit absence of milk and mammae in birds and fishes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Hairy milk fails if fewer than 10 non-cetacean mammal species have numeric milk fat or protein. Cetacean milk fails if cetaceans are present in the table and every cetacean milk fat and protein cell is an explicit zero or an explicit absence code. Breasts fail if a morphology column codes teats or mammae absent for every cetacean it lists. Oviparous absence fails if any species in Monotremata, Aves, or a bony fish has a numeric milk fat or protein, or an explicit lactation-present code. Two or more failed clauses refutes the claim. A pass together with a fail or an unscored clause is mixed, and confidence is at most 0.6 when breasts or oviparous absence is unscored. If no clause can be scored, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A mammal-only milk table leaves oviparous absence unscored unless a monotreme or bird or fish row carries a positive milk value, in which case that clause fails. A blank weaning or milk cell is not an absence. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.55 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, a milk table shows milk in hairy mammals and in cetaceans, a morphology field shows breasts in those same groups, and oviparous animals are coded as having neither. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Each clause is scored pass, fail or unscored from the thresholds above. Supports requires all four passes; refutes requires at least two fails; any remaining split is mixed; no scored clause is inconclusive (data-unavailable). https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-22--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered, four clauses. Hairy milk passes if at least 30 non-cetacean mammal species have a numeric milk fat or milk protein, spanning at least 5 mammalian orders. Cetacean milk passes if at least 1 species in Cetacea, or in Delphinidae, Phocoenidae, Monodontidae, Balaenopteridae, Balaenidae, Eschrichtiidae, Physeteridae, Kogiidae, Ziphiidae or Iniidae, has a numeric milk fat or milk protein. Breasts pass only if a fetched morphology column codes teats, nipples or mammae as present for at least 30 mammal species including at least 1 cetacean. Oviparous absence passes only if a table that records lactation for non-mammals codes milk and mammae as absent, with an explicit absence code rather than a blank, for at least 20 bird species and at least 20 fishes. 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