https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAwmnoX_mg9-mtyujsP76r8bbgi_OoH8sVx008NflT-bI/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Read the Amniote Life-History Database with -999 as missing. Counted species in Aves, Reptilia or order Monotremata with a positive weaning age or weaning weight. One such species refutes the universal. None leaves the claim inconclusive, because a blank cell is not evidence that milk is absent. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 4 bird, reptile or monotreme species with weaning_d > 0 or weaning_weight_g > 0 (n = 16374). Interpretation: Internally viviparous animals are mammals other than monotremes. Birds, reptiles and monotremes are egg-laying. Milk or mammae is operationalized only as a recorded weaning age or weaning weight, which is a suckling period, not crop milk and not the nutrition stored in an egg. Monotremes are the egg-laying mammals; their order name in this database, which follows Mammal Species of the World, is Monotremata. Pigeon crop milk is outside the fields used here. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa04-26: refutes, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa04-26/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A comparative amniote table that records weaning for mammals and taxonomic class and order, so egg-laying birds, reptiles and monotremes can be identified without a second source. Crop-milk descriptions that are not in a weaning field do not count. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least one bird, reptile or monotreme has a positive weaning age or weaning weight: an egg-laying animal recorded with a suckling period. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The file was not opened before this registration. Column names come from the E096-269 metadata. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The weaning column is part of the mammal extended set in the data paper, so blank weaning in birds is partly by design. A bird with a filled weaning field would still count as a counterexample. A blank monotreme weaning field does not establish that monotremes lack milk. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Weaning age and weaning weight are blank or non-positive for every bird, reptile and monotreme, while the same fields are used for other mammals. That pattern would be consistent with the claim but, by the pass rule, is not scored as support. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes 'no animal that is not internally viviparous has milk or mammae' if any bird, reptile or monotreme has a positive weaning age or weaning weight. One species is enough. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis No egg-laying amniote in the life-history database is recorded with a weaning age or a weaning weight, the compilation's record of a suckling period. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod A universal claim is refuted by one counterexample under the class and order mapping below. Absence of a counterexample is inconclusive, not support. Values of -999 and non-positive numbers are missing. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-26--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. This test cannot support the universal from blank cells. A blank weaning field is not a record that milk is absent. The verdict is therefore never 'supports'. It is refuted if at least one species in class Aves, class Reptilia, or order Monotremata has weaning_d > 0 or weaning_weight_g > 0. If no such species exists and order Monotremata is absent, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. 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