https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAwfbqzmmT-ENSMaj8zdGiBez-koLouGxBq8elMCEaCtI/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded Sharkipedia-Traits-v1.0, checked md5 and byte size against the Zenodo record, kept rows whose trait_name is Reproductive mode, classified each value with the preregistered substrings (aplacental before placent), and collapsed to one class per species with placental priority. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 2 species with a placental reproductive-mode record (n = 15). Interpretation: Aristotle's 'connection with the uterus' so that the egg is not set free is read as placental viviparity (yolk-sac placenta), the mode named in the claim's scope for smooth dogfish. Histotrophy and trophonemata are uterine nutrition without a placenta and are scored separately; they do not by themselves support the claim, and they block a refutation. Oophagy is not a uterine-tissue connection and stays ambiguous. Lecithotrophic and aplacental viviparity retain the embryo on yolk and are the contrasting mode, not a confirmation. The test is existential ('some'), so one placental species supports it and a small sample with no placental species does not refute it. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga02-16: supports, confidence 0.65 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga02-16/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets An openly licensed, species-level trait table of sharks and rays, compiled independently of Aristotle's text, that records reproductive mode in a named field. Narrative species pages are not a substitute for that field. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A broad sample of at least 30 species with reproductive-mode records contains no placental mode and no other uterine nutrient connection (histotrophy or trophonemata), only oviparity or yolk-only viviparity. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Before this registration a web-search snippet of the Sharkipedia reproductive-mode page displayed the category Placentotrophy beside two Carcharhinus names. No species count was computed, and the pass rule is the existential rule in the claim rather than a threshold fit to a count. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Provider file size and md5 are from the Zenodo record API, not from a local copy of the table. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation At least one cartilaginous-fish species in the trait table has a reproductive mode whose value is placental or placentotrophic, the modern name for completing development by a yolk-sac connection to the uterus so the egg is not laid. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. The claim is refuted only if at least 30 species have a Reproductive mode value and none are placental, none are uterine-but-not-placental (value contains 'histotroph', 'trophonema', or 'trophonemata'), and none are ambiguous: every species falls in the negative class (value contains 'ovipar', 'egg-lay', 'egg lay', 'lecithotroph', or 'aplacental'). Confidence 0.55. If placental species are absent but at least one species is uterine-but-not-placental, the verdict is mixed (confidence 0.50). If the reproductive-mode column cannot be found, the provider checksum does not match, or fewer than 30 species are coded and none are placental, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable or underpowered (confidence 0.40). https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.65 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict supports https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If some cartilaginous fishes finish development by a uterine connection after the yolk is used, and therefore do not release the egg, Sharkipedia reproductive-mode records include at least one shark or ray species coded as placental or placentotrophic. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Classify each Reproductive mode value with the fixed substrings in pass_criterion and fail_criterion. Collapse to species by giving placental priority over uterine-nonplacental, then ambiguous, then negative. Apply the thresholds in rules. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. A species is placental if any Reproductive mode value, after case-folding, contains 'placent' and does not contain 'aplacental' (checked first, because 'aplacental' contains the letters of 'placent'). The claim is supported if at least one species is placental. 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