https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAtejKNA8h_v7p0vgC55t034lS5qVzgmrGPb5cSZ5LwBM/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The PeerJ HTML and the two supplement URLs were requested and returned errors, which are recorded and not scored. The same article was then read as Europe PMC full text XML for PMC6557246. The denominator is the count of trials that included mating, and the numerator is the count of trials in which beak-to-beak mating was observed. Mouth-apposition is beak-to-beak. Arm enfolding is scored only if the text says the arms enfold, envelop, or entwine. The funnel sentence is not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.2609 fraction of mating trials in which beak-to-beak was observed (n = 46). Interpretation: The sentence scored is only 'The cephalopoda entwine together at the mouth, pushing against one another and enfolding their arms.' The next sentences, on the funnel and on the male mounting the female's back, are a different claim and are not scored. Mouth-apposition is the modern name of entwining at the mouth. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga01-14: refutes, confidence 0.68 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga01-14/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A checksummed table of observed cephalopod copulations with a posture field. A narrative list of positions without counts can be used only if each named position is counted once per named mode, and that coarser count is labeled as such. FishBase does not cover cephalopods. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Fewer than half of recorded copulations are mouth-apposition. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Arm enfolding is untested: the fetched text does not say the arms enfold, envelop, or entwine. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst One species refutes a universal inside this denominator. It is not a survey of cephalopods. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The supplement CSV was not retrieved, so copulations were not tallied from a posture column. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Twelve trials in which beak-to-beak was observed, out of the trials that included mating, is the share reported in the results. The paper says most mating was arm-reach or mount and does not give a separate count for those two postures. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation At least 80 percent of recorded copulations, across at least two genera, are mouth-apposition with arms enfolding. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refute if under 50 percent of scored copulations are mouth-apposition, or if a majority are mount, reach, or another non-oral posture. One species is enough to refute a universal, and the species count is the denominator. If at least 80 percent match but only one species is present, or the arm clause is untested, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered or other respectively. If there is no posture field, inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. The later sentence about the arm inserted into the funnel is not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.68 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis Recorded cephalopod copulations are mouth-to-mouth with the arms enfolding the partner, and that is the posture in the fetched table. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Fraction of copulations whose posture is oral. Thresholds 80 percent with at least two genera to support, and under 50 percent to refute. A single confirming species does not establish the class. A single species with other postures refutes the universal inside the fetched denominator. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. A copulation matches only if its posture field is beak-to-beak, mouth-to-mouth, or oral apposition, and, if an arm field exists, the arms enfold, envelop, or entwine. Supports only if at least 80 percent of scored copulations match and the table covers at least 2 species in 2 genera. If the arm field is absent, beak-to-beak still scores the mouth clause and the arm clause stays untested. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ga01-14 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga01-14--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description mating-trial counts. Beak-to-beak trials over trials that included mating. 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