https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Matched both species in the Open Tree taxonomy and read the first family and the first order in each lineage. Counted GloBI rows whose interaction type is preysOn, eats, or kills for Accipitridae on Cuculus canorus and for Accipiter nisus on itself. Families: {'Cuculus canorus': 'Cuculidae', 'Accipiter nisus': 'Accipitridae'}. Cuckoo-predation rows: 2. Conspecific rows: 1. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 2 GloBI predation records of Accipitridae on Cuculus canorus (n = 3, families {'Cuculus canorus': 'Cuculidae', 'Accipiter nisus': 'Accipitridae'}; conspecific Accipiter nisus records 1). Interpretation: The quote's argument is that a hawk has been seen to eat a cuckoo, and that birds do not prey on their own species, so the cuckoo is not a hawk. 'Hawk' is read as Accipiter, and the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus is the species used for the conspecific query. 'Not the same kind' is read as a different family in the Open Tree taxonomy, which is a modern classification and not Aristotle's. The claim's remarks on crooked talons and a pigeon-like head are not measured here. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha06-11: mixed, confidence 0.6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha06-11/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets The Open Tree of Life taxonomy for the family of Cuculus canorus and Accipiter nisus, and Global Biotic Interactions records whose source is in Accipitridae and whose target is Cuculus canorus, plus the same service for Accipiter nisus on itself. Interaction types counted as predation are preysOn, eats, and kills. Aristotle's sentence is not a source. Beak and claw measurements are not in these sources and are out of scope for this test. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation The two birds placed in one family, or a completed search that finds no hawk eating a common cuckoo. A record of a sparrowhawk eating a sparrowhawk removes the premise that such predation never happens within a species, which yields mixed rather than a simple refutation of the cuckoo's distinctness. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Crooked talons and a pigeon-like head were not measured. The verdict is about family membership and the predation records only. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst GloBI returned two preysOn rows for Accipitridae on Cuculus canorus (Accipiter nisus and Hieraaetus pennatus) and one preysOn row of Accipiter nisus on itself. Every returned study_title is null, so the count is of GloBI records, not of a paper read here. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Open Tree places Cuculus canorus in Cuculidae (Cuculiformes) and Accipiter nisus in Accipitridae (Accipitriformes). https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The two services were not queried for these taxa before the pass and fail rules were committed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation The common cuckoo and the sparrowhawk are in different families, a hawk is recorded eating a common cuckoo, and the sparrowhawk is not recorded eating its own species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered (claim refuted). The same family for both birds refutes 'not a hawk'. A successful predation query that returns zero interactions of Accipitridae on Cuculus canorus refutes 'has been seen to be preyed on by the hawk'. If the families differ and at least one cuckoo predation is recorded and at least one conspecific sparrowhawk predation is recorded, the verdict is mixed: they are not one kind, and the premise that this never happens within a species fails. If either API does not return a readable result, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. Talon shape and resemblance to a pigeon are not in these two sources and are not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the cuckoo is not a hawk, and hawks prey on it, which they do not do to their own species, the common cuckoo and the Eurasian sparrowhawk fall in different families, at least one public interaction records a hawk eating a common cuckoo, and no public interaction records a sparrowhawk eating a sparrowhawk. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Read the family from each Open Tree taxon record. Count GloBI interaction records of the two queries. Support only if the families differ, the cuckoo-predation count is at least 1, and the conspecific count is 0. Refute if the families match or the cuckoo-predation count is 0. Mixed if the families differ, the cuckoo count is at least 1, and the conspecific count is at least 1. No resolvability score is used. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered (claim supported). Open Tree of Life assigns Cuculus canorus and Accipiter nisus to different families, the GloBI query of Accipitridae preying on Cuculus canorus returns at least one interaction, and the GloBI query of Accipiter nisus preying on Accipiter nisus returns none. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha06-11 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description family and order of Cuculus canorus and Accipiter nisus https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license not stated in the API response https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Open Tree of Life taxonomy https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://api.opentreeoflife.org/v3/taxonomy/taxon_info https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://api.opentreeoflife.org/v3/tnrs/match_names https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:2b7b7a021d9a21852de7fce806bb0aff57b38f3d2cc82995f2425c4a94d179cb https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:a62ccd75f05fb12c2a455a9dd3b19b85b726f3ed649a430e34166d9b22e6992c https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:efabd41c36f51dbe295713497ea60cc619b3ceeae09f165c13b24cc0da3bca8d https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description predation records of hawks on the common cuckoo, and of the sparrowhawk on itself https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license not stated in the API response https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Global Biotic Interactions https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interaction?sourceTaxon=Accipiter%20nisus&targetTaxon=Accipiter%20nisus&interactionType=preysOn https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interaction?sourceTaxon=Accipitridae&targetTaxon=Cuculus%20canorus&interactionType=preysOn https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:1a6eafa082402d051b6392c0519a2caded33313f8920708c9e741890683cc2b8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-11--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:dcb610a3f543689f0ef3c6118be0006f9d73e5d8faa16e51dc864af853bf111d https://w3id.org/np/RAsh8q86X1EVkRtSNz8TXFymWzc6o1612aCw6xeTN9NWo/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; 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