https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAsJQxkMb3LXo8QKVi7bpMuLNvKfLNRCVxetSQ_KXnpwE/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Matched each pre-registered scientific name to a GBIF species key, then counted human observations with coordinates from 2000 through 2026 in 5-degree latitude bins for June–August and for December–February. The seasonal median is interpolated inside the bin where the cumulative count crosses half. A species counts when both seasons have at least 200 records and the summer median is at least 25 N. Six of eight staying supports the non-migration clause; six of eight shifting south by at least 10 degrees refutes it. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 2 of the eight named species, how many have a winter median latitude at least 10 degrees south of the summer median (n = 8, 5 stay within 5 degrees; 0 of the eight did not meet the sample gate). Interpretation: Species are fixed before any count is requested. Swallow = Hirundo rustica; kite = Milvus migrans (the common kite of Greece); stork = Ciconia ciconia; owzel = Turdus merula (ouzel as the English name of the blackbird); turtle-dove = Streptopelia turtur; lark = Alauda arvensis; thrush = Turdus philomelos; starling = Sturnus vulgaris. Athene noctua is the little owl, which the text says hides only for a few days, and Columba palumbus is the cushat, which the text says sometimes hides and sometimes migrates. Neither enters the 6-of-8 rule. The test decides whether the eight are recorded in warmer countries in winter. It does not test featherless torpor in holes: absence of a latitude shift is compatible with ordinary residency as well as with hiding. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha08-27: mixed, confidence 0.65 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha08-27/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Georeferenced, dated occurrence records of the named species from a public aggregator, restricted to human observations from 2000 onward with coordinates that GBIF does not flag as geospatial issues. Tracking studies are admissible but are not required. Records without coordinates do not count. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation The winter centroid lies at least 10 degrees south of the summer centroid for at least six of the eight species: the birds are recorded in warmer countries in winter. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst GBIF records follow where observers are. A latitude shift can be exaggerated or hidden by seasonal effort. The summer-median gate (at least 25 N) drops a species whose summer records are not northern. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Hiding in a hole would remove the bird from view. This design can refute hiding-in-place by showing the bird in a warmer country. It cannot prove torpor. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst No GBIF count for these species was requested before this registration. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Streptopelia turtur is classified as staying because its winter median (46.6 N) is within 2 degrees of its summer median (44.7 N), but the winter sample is small (3,633 records against 248,373 in summer) and the largest winter bin is 50–55 N (905 records). European observer effort can hold the median in the north even if many individuals winter in Africa. The pre-registered median and the 5-degree gate were not changed. Reclassifying this one species would still leave the verdict mixed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Winter and summer occurrence centroids of the eight named species stay within 5 degrees of latitude, so the birds are recorded where they breed rather than in warmer countries. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes 'they do not migrate to warmer countries but hide where they are' if at least 6 of the 8 species have a winter median latitude at least 10 degrees south of the summer median, with the sample-size gates in pass_criterion. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.65 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis The birds Aristotle says hide through the winter, rather than migrate to warmer countries, are recorded in the same latitudes in December–February as in June–August. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Median latitude from 5-degree GBIF count histograms, summer (Jun–Aug) minus winter (Dec–Feb). Species mappings, gates and the 6-of-8 rule are fixed in pass_criterion. The owl and the cushat are queried and reported and are not part of the 8. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. For each of eight named species, query GBIF occurrence counts with coordinates, no geospatial issue, occurrence status PRESENT, basis of record HUMAN_OBSERVATION or OBSERVATION, year 2000 through 2026, in 5-degree latitude bins from -55 to 70. Summer is months 6–8; winter is months 12, 1 and 2. The seasonal median latitude is interpolated from that histogram. A species counts only if both seasons have at least 200 occurrences and the summer median latitude is at least 25 degrees north. It stays if the absolute difference of the two medians is under 5 degrees. It migrates south if the summer median minus the winter median is at least 10 degrees. The claim is supported if at least 6 of the 8 species stay. It is refuted if at least 6 migrate south. If fewer than 4 species count, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. 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