https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The Dryad dataset page was fetched and it names species_spur_data.csv at file stream 1265392, 1,565,132 bytes on the page. A GET of that file, with the dataset page as referer, returned HTTP 403 and an HTML body, not a table. The Wiley supplement for 10.1111/ele.13964 also returned HTTP 403, and Zenodo record 5829537 contains the analysis code rather than the CSV. No spur or talon row was read. AVONET was not downloaded, because a lifestyle table cannot score bony spurs. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: null fraction of scored bird species with both a bony spur and a raptor order (n = 0, species_spur_data.csv was not retrieved). Interpretation: The sentence says spurs and talons never occur in the same bird, that spurs are for heavy-bodied ground birds, and that talons are curved claws of birds of prey. The spur file records bony spurs, which is the spur. It is not expected to record talons. Orders of hawks, falcons, owls and New World vultures stand in for talons only as a proxy, and that proxy is not used to test whether talons belong to birds of prey. Five hundred grams is the pre-registered floor for heavy. The denominator is species, not individuals. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa04-28: inconclusive, confidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa04-28/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A checksummed species-level table of bony spurs, with an order or a joinable scientific name. AVONET may supply mass. A trophic-niche label is not a talon. Encyclopaedia lists are not admissible. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind none https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least 1 percent of scored species have both a spur and a raptor order, or fewer than 40 percent of spurred species fall in the heavy-ground set. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Ecology Letters 10.1111/ele.13964 is not open on Europe PMC, and its supplement URL also returned HTTP 403. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The pre-registered spur table is public on the Dryad landing page and the file download is refused (HTTP 403). No species count, spur count, or order join was computed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Without the spur file, the proxy for talons and the heavy-ground fraction were not scored. AVONET does not contain a bony-spur column, so it was not fetched as a substitute. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Among at least 500 bird species with a spur code and an order, none of the spurred species is a hawk, falcon, owl or New World vulture, and at least 70 percent of spurred species are in the pre-registered heavy-ground orders (and at least 500 g when a mass is present). https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Co-occurrence refutes if n >= 500 and n_both / n >= 0.01. It is intermediate if n >= 500 and 0 < n_both / n < 0.01. The spur clause refutes if at least 30 spurred species are scored and the heavy-ground fraction is below 0.40, and is intermediate between 0.40 and 0.70. Refutes if co-occurrence refutes, or if the spur clause refutes and co-occurrence does not pass. Mixed if one of those two clauses passes and the other is intermediate or refutes. Inconclusive, reason not-operationalizable, if co-occurrence passes and the spur clause passes, because the talon half of the sentence was not measured independently of the proxy. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if the spur file cannot be fetched or has no spur field. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if fewer than 500 species have a spur code and an order, or fewer than 30 species have spurs. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis No bird species has both a bony spur and a raptorial talon, spurs occur in heavy ground birds, and talons occur in birds of prey. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod n_both / n against 0 and 0.01. Heavy-ground fraction of spurred species against 0.70 and 0.40. The claim is supported only when both of those pass and a non-proxy talon measurement also passes. A clean pass of the two scored clauses without a talon measurement is not-operationalizable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Spur presence is the species-level bony-spur field in the checksummed supplement species_spur_data.csv (Menezes and Palaoro, Dryad 10.5061/dryad.r2280gbdk or its Zenodo copy). A species has a spur when that field is at least 1. Co-occurrence uses a stated taxonomic proxy for talons, because a talon column is not assumed: orders Accipitriformes, Falconiformes, Strigiformes and Cathartiformes. Let n be species with a spur code and an order, and n_both the number that have a spur and are in one of those orders. Co-occurrence passes if n >= 500 and n_both = 0. Heavy ground birds are the orders Galliformes, Otidiformes, Tinamiformes, Gruiformes, Struthioniformes, Casuariiformes, Rheiformes and Apterygiformes. If the spur file or AVONET (figshare 10.6084/m9.figshare.16586228) has a body-mass column, a spurred species is heavy-ground only when it is in that order set and its mass is at least 500 g. If no mass column is present, heavy-ground is the order set alone. The spur clause passes if at least 30 species have spurs and the heavy-ground fraction is at least 0.70. The sentence that talons belong to birds of prey is not scored, because the proxy defines talons as those orders. The claim passes only if co-occurrence passes and the spur clause passes and a separate talon measurement, not the proxy, also passes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa04-28 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Names species_spur_data.csv and its download path. The CSV request itself returned HTTP 403 and was not used as a table. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC0-1.0 (stated on the dataset page JSON-LD as https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Dryad dataset page for Menezes and Palaoro 2022, species_spur_data.csv (file stream 1265392) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.r2280gbdk https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.r2280gbdk https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa04-28--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:90e86ca57a478761003569a45cb05280d6246d7ce28fc314502b16cc57dc5e55 https://w3id.org/np/RAsIZI-Fp7Ix4JbIrtCpX34utqkYR7n1fFXYE0o5feWSQ/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; 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