https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the Dryad workbook through the site's public proof-of-work gate and checked its SHA-256 against the Dryad file record. The pre-registered keyword list matched no cell. Following the README, each species with both a larval and a juvenile mass contributes the first juvenile mass minus the last larval mass. Eleven further species come from the sheet whose mass change is defined as the metamorphosis contrast; the absolute size difference was used, and it has the same sign as the sheet's mass_change value in every case. A species loses mass when that difference is negative. The pre-registered fraction and group rules were applied without dropping species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: undefined undefined. Interpretation: Thompson (1917, ch. III) says an actual loss of bulk and weight often, and perhaps always, accompanies metamorphosis, and that the eel shows it; the claim statement also names the silkworm before pupation and the frog tadpole. 'Often' is read as a loss in at least half of scored species. 'Perhaps always' is reported as whether the fraction reaches 0.95 and does not have to hold for the claim, as he stated it, to be supported. Bulk and weight are the dataset's mass values. Dry mass is preferred to wet mass when both are present because water loss is not loss of bulk. Larval transitions that the file does not mark as metamorphosis are excluded. This does not test hydration or gut-content controls the file does not contain. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of thompson1917-ch03-15: mixed, confidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/thompson-growth-form/thompson1917-ch03-15/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public species-level compilation with a numeric mass, or mass change, tied to a transition explicitly identified as metamorphosis or pupation, covering more than one of fish, amphibians and insects. Series that only give size at the end of metamorphosis, with no pre-metamorphic comparison, are not admissible. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least three quarters of scored species do not lose mass at the transition the file marks as metamorphosis, or the mass change at metamorphosis cannot be separated from other stage transitions. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Anguilla is not in the workbook. Bombyx mori loses mass. The anuran rows that are labelled (Rana, Bufo, Litoria, and orders recorded as Anura) lose mass. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Fish are scored only when the workbook has both a larval and a juvenile mass. The authors call the juvenile form the phase after metamorphosis. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst No cell contains the words metamorphosis, pupa or froglet. The contrast is the one the README defines as metamorphosis. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Seventeen of 32 species lose mass, which clears the overall half, but none of the 14 fish do. Insects lose mass in 9 of 9 and amphibians in 6 of 7, so the pre-registered group floor fails and the verdict is mixed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The file does not say whether a mass is wet or dry, so water loss is not separated from loss of tissue. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The fraction 0.53125 is not the 'perhaps always' reading, which required 0.95. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In a multi-species compilation of mass change at metamorphosis, at least half the species are lighter after metamorphosis than before it, and the same is not rare inside fish, amphibians and insects when those groups are labelled and have at least five species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. REFUTES if at least 20 species are scored and the loss fraction is <= 0.25. MIXED if at least 20 species are scored and the result is neither SUPPORTS nor REFUTES, including a loss fraction strictly between 0.25 and 0.50, and a loss fraction >= 0.50 that fails the group clause. INCONCLUSIVE reason underpowered if metamorphosis mass change is identifiable but fewer than 20 species are scored. INCONCLUSIVE reason not-operationalizable if the files contain no column that isolates metamorphosis or no numeric mass outcome as defined above. INCONCLUSIVE reason data-unavailable if the Dryad API or the dataset file cannot be fetched. A tie (mean change of 0) is not a loss. The stronger reading that loss is nearly universal (fraction >= 0.95) is recorded and is not required for SUPPORTS, because the claim says 'perhaps always'. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis At metamorphosis, more often than not, animals weigh less than they did immediately before it, and that loss is not confined to a single one of the groups Thompson had in view. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Species-level mean mass change at rows the file marks as metamorphosis. Loss is a strict decrease. The verdict thresholds are a loss fraction of 0.50 to support and 0.25 to refute, with at least 20 species, plus the pre-registered group floor of 0.25 where a group has at least five species. No species is reclassified after the signs are known. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered on Dryad 10.5061/dryad.vx0k6djrp only. A row is a metamorphosis record if a column whose header matches stage, transition, event, phase or life_stage has a value matching metamorph, pupat, pupa or froglet (case-insensitive), or if a column header itself matches metamorph or pupat and holds the numeric outcome. Mass outcome, in priority order: (1) a numeric column whose header contains metamorph or pupa and also mass, weight, change, delta or ratio; a header containing ratio or fold, and not percent or delta or change, is a loss when the value is < 1; otherwise the column is a loss when the value is < 0; (2) else, on metamorphosis rows, post/after mass < pre/before mass; (3) else a numeric change column on those rows, loss when < 0. If both a dry-mass and a wet-mass outcome exist for the same species, use the dry mass. Species are grouped by a species or binomial column, or else each row is one species. A species loses mass when the mean of its included row-level changes is < 0 (change = post-pre, or the signed column, or ratio-1). SUPPORTS if at least 20 species are scored and the fraction losing mass is >= 0.50, and either no class/phylum/group column exists or every one of fish, amphibian and insect that has at least 5 scored species has a loss fraction >= 0.25. Fish, amphibian and insect are matched by keywords on the group, class, phylum or taxon column: fish/actinopterygii/teleost; amphibia/anura/caudata; insecta/lepidoptera/diptera/coleoptera. Named genera Anguilla, Bombyx and an anuran label, if present, are reported and are not required for SUPPORTS. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/thompson1917-ch03-15 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Body mass before and after the larva-to-juvenile transition the authors identify as metamorphosis https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC0-1.0 (Dryad API license field https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: A comparative analysis testing Werner's theory of complex life cycles https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://datadryad.org/downloads/file_stream/1480115 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.vx0k6djrp https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:122191b463f12a872d98c750e30390a8a3dccac4c93c04ec0df8940d9372bd8f https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; cursor/thompson-growth-claim-tests-e028) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier grok-4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/thompson-growth-form/thompson1917-ch03-15/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/test https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/plan https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.894Z https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch03-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of thompson1917-ch03-15: mixed, confidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/thompson-growth-form-1917 https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature tWGbRHUonNmdxai3dG4SF/3H7VjKPOyGxwjKSkof0rccixeZGL5SizoA/c2n+cXJMij/drfe/eLpo2sXyaOKeRKWka5XZmArVWqFZXap7Fn1UhPhgsWKB46KL8qO+snHD79zPNLHCnMewU4w7t3DFRW+2TtCOP/a9AaqHag6uzpNSFQ/gK9LEG+NFblqYc689wS9F0mmRkksfycMcukM/3BkahoT9in0I1vaNi6vlHDI/WtyFtgfta8jEhgf26ZAZaDSBZq7SXs2x7Hrjn6HpMagv28wvXWyERkHVdwssmRCFnk193YwtfLYS0YQ1lhycb7mGiWy8z9NXy4sWvvQmA== https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA https://w3id.org/np/RAq9sned2uetiP1u6JX8EyFwFihdJZ5jDv2aNaJwZ0aQA/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192