https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAp1JByimSqvC1aNZ-Mx_8_5DkLA8ca50rq6QwGVDHg5c/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py matched AnAge and PanTHERIA column names to testes, testis and male gonad, and searched the FishBase SPECIES, REPRODUCTION, MATURITY and SPAWNING manuals. No testes-presence column was found. The REPRODUCTION manual uses the word testes once, inside its definition of dioecism, and its listed fields are mode of reproduction, fertilization, spawning frequency, batch spawning and reproductive guild. Male-maturity columns were nearby and were not scored. The causal clause was not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0 columns matching the pre-registered variable (n = 86). Interpretation: Quote: 'a proof of this is that many animals in which the distinction of sex exists, and which produce both male and female offspring, nevertheless have no testes, as the footless animals; I mean the classes of fish and of serpents.' The verdict is the anatomy clause (fishes and serpents have no testes). That they produce both sexes is accepted as background only if a sex column exists; it is not itself the measurement. The inference from absent testes to 'testes do not determine sex' is a separate causal clause and stays untested unless a sex-determination column is in the same table. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga04-02: inconclusive, confidence 0.84 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga04-02/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public species-level table from FishBase, AnAge, PanTHERIA, AVONET, GBIF, NCBI, WoRMS, PBDB, or a checksummed paper supplement, with a column whose name or codebook is testes, testis, or male gonad presence or absence, and a taxon field that identifies fishes and snakes. Licence stated. Male maturity, gonadosomatic index, and sex ratio are nearby columns and are not admissible. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind none https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least one fish species among 20 or more, or one snake species among 10 or more, is scored as having testes. If the field does not exist, the anatomy clause cannot be scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The MATURITY and SPAWNING manuals had no testes token. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The anatomy clause is unscored. A prose definition of dioecism is not a species-level testes-present or testes-absent column. The snippet is in derived/measured.json. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The causal claim that testes do not determine sex is untested. No sex-determination column was in the fetched tables. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In a species table with an explicit testes-present or testes-absent field, the proportion lacking testes is 1 among at least 20 fish species and among at least 10 snake species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. A group refutes the universal 'have no testes' if at least one scored species has testes present and that group's n meets its minimum (20 fishes or 10 serpents). The anatomy clause is refuted if either group refutes it. Mixed if one group supports and the other refutes. If the column exists but n is below the minimum, inconclusive (underpowered). If no fetched table has a testes-presence column for either group, inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A nearby column is not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.84 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If fishes and serpents have no testes, a species-level anatomy table will record testes as absent for every scored species in both groups. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Denominator is the number of species in each group with a non-missing testes field. Support only if both proportions lacking testes equal 1 at the pre-registered minima. One scored presence in a group that meets its minimum refutes that group; either group refuting refutes the conjunction. The causal clause is reported separately and is untested without a sex-determination column. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Anatomy clause only. Fishes = Actinopterygii, Chondrichthyes and Agnatha (or the table's own fish class). Serpents = Serpentes. The column must state presence or absence of testes (male gonads), not male maturity, not spawning mode, not 'sexually dimorphic'. A group supports the clause if every scored species lacks testes, with n_fish >= 20 and n_serpent >= 10. The claim's anatomy clause is supported only if both groups meet that bar. The causal 'so the testes do not determine sex' is scored only when the same table has a sex-determining mechanism column (chromosomal, temperature, or social); otherwise it is untested and does not enter the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ga04-02 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Column names checked against the pre-registered variable https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY 3.0. The fetched page https://genomics.senescence.info/legal.html says this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, that the data sheets, including the observations in AnAge, are copyrighted, and that most content in HAGR is in the public domain. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: AnAge, the Animal Ageing and Longevity Database https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://genomics.senescence.info/legal.html https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://genomics.senescence.info/species/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://genomics.senescence.info/species/dataset.zip https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://genomics.senescence.info/species/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:708d25e725b8cb3625e0a5c03062bbb044985bea283af2d14433739dea9f8690 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:833190daa11a177ef557c70c70a746eab797303f775e168f64ad1ca72f623d05 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:e3ddb66e32e973a79932859ba53013e8f60d957c6ec01c6eb573e3ea3018d630 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Column names checked against the pre-registered variable https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Not stated. The first 8000 characters of the retrieved file contain no license, copyright, or Creative Commons string. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: PanTHERIA 1.0 WR05 ecological trait table https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E090/184/PanTHERIA_1-0_WR05_Aug2008.txt https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E090/184/PanTHERIA_1-0_WR05_Aug2008.txt https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:36e64314cae0394a966a63b949504d1975ac5c5629e05e36c1b139b3348f044a https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga04-02--claim-test--dataset-3 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Codebook searched for the pre-registered variable; 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