https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAokW3GRCIZpkLE6QduxHRnTb3Oum-bR07b3gm3L-7GX0/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py requests the six pre-registered figshare ndownloader URLs. amphibian returned HTTP 202 and 0 bytes bird returned HTTP 202 and 0 bytes mammal returned HTTP 202 and 0 bytes reptile returned HTTP 202 and 0 bytes shark-ray returned HTTP 202 and 0 bytes teleost returned HTTP 202 and 0 bytes. Workbooks opened: 0. Sheets mentioning an invertebrate: 0. A vertebrate brain-mass file with no bloodless row and no explicit absence code does not test the contrast. No further dataset is added. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0 workbooks retrieved as xlsx (n = 6, an HTTP challenge body is not a brain table). Interpretation: The quote is: 'For this reason it is, that every sanguineous animal has a brain; whereas no bloodless creature has such an organ, unless indeed it be, as the Poulp, by analogy.' Sanguineous animals are vertebrates. Bloodless animals are invertebrates. The poulp is the octopus. 'By analogy' means the source must say the octopus organ is analogous, not that it is a brain in the same sense. Positive brain mass in a vertebrate-only file does not meet the claim, because the claim is a contrast with a denominator on both sides. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa02-15: inconclusive, confidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa02-15/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets The six Tsuboi et al. vertebrate class workbooks on figshare (amphibian, bird, mammal, reptile, shark and ray, teleost), the files already identified by ndownloader ids 12384062, 12384068, 12384065, 12384071, 12384074 and 12384077. They are admissible only as a check of whether the contrast variable exists. No further dataset may be added after the sheets are opened. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind none https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A bloodless animal other than the octopus is scored as having a brain, or a vertebrate is scored as lacking one. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst No second table was opened after these six URLs. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Positive brain mass in a vertebrate that was weighed for a brain does not show that every blooded animal has a brain. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The octopus analogue needs a bloodless row. These files, if retrieved as vertebrate class workbooks, do not contain one. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation A presence/absence table with vertebrates all scored present, non-cephalopod invertebrates scored absent, and the octopus scored as an analogue only. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if the same table scores a brain as present in at least one bloodless group other than the octopus, or scores a vertebrate as lacking a brain, with the denominators above. Mixed if vertebrates all have a brain and more than one bloodless group has a brain. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if the fetched table has no bloodless rows and no explicit absence code. That outcome is required, not optional, when the only planned files are vertebrate brain-mass workbooks. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if both sides are present but either denominator is below its floor. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, every blooded species in a presence table has a brain and no bloodless species has a brain except the octopus, scored as an analogue rather than as the same organ. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod List taxonomic classes and test whether any row is an invertebrate or an explicit brain-absent code. If the contrast is missing, the verdict is inconclusive and the reason is data-unavailable. Positive brain masses are counted and reported and do not support the universal contrast. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-15--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered before the workbooks were downloaded. The claim passes only if a single table records brain presence or absence for both blooded animals (vertebrates) and bloodless animals (invertebrates), at least 30 vertebrate species are present, zero vertebrate species are scored absent, at least 10 invertebrate species outside Cephalopoda are scored absent, and the octopus is the only invertebrate scored as having a brain and is labelled an analogue or a non-homologue. 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