https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAnOYnSuuti9XnIi-UgMfpd5V046-60SN0oKOAFZT0eCM/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The amniote life-history CSV was downloaded. Column names were searched for blood and for reproductive mode. Species were counted by class to see whether bloodless animals are in the table. Litter or clutch size was not treated as reproductive mode or as blood. The rfishbase API was requested and not read when certificate verification failed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: null not measured (n = 0). Interpretation: Platt's translation, GA II: 'All the vivipara are sanguineous, and the sanguinea are either viviparous or oviparous, except those which are altogether infertile.' Sanguineous is vertebrate blood (animals with blood in Aristotle's sense), not insect haemolymph. Bloodless is the invertebrate groups he sets apart. Viviparous means the young are born live; oviparous means eggs are laid. Infertile covers sterile kinds such as hybrids, scored only when the table marks sterility. A fish-only table can address B inside fishes and cannot address A. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga02-04: inconclusive, confidence 0.85 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga02-04/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets FishBase for fishes on clause B, and a checksummed paper supplement or allowed-repository trait table whose scope includes bloodless animals for clause A. The reproductive-mode variable must be explicit. Fetched and checksummed. A vertebrate-only extract is not a denominator for 'all viviparous animals'. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind none https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A viviparous bloodless species, or a fertile blooded species whose birth mode is neither egg-laying nor live-bearing. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Litter size is a count of offspring, not the presence of blood and not a mode that can be something other than egg or live birth. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The FishBase API body was not read. A fish-only table would still leave the bloodless clause without a denominator. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The life-history table contains amniote classes only, so a viviparous bloodless animal could not appear in it. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst There is no column for blood and no column whose values are oviparous, viviparous, or another birth mode. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation No viviparous species is bloodless, and essentially every fertile blooded species is oviparous or viviparous (ovoviviparous included). https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. REFUTES A if at least one species is scored viviparous and bloodless, and the table's denominator of viviparous species is reported. REFUTES B if more than 1 percent of fertile sanguineous species are scored with a birth mode other than ovipary, vivipary, or ovovivipary. MIXED if A and B disagree. INCONCLUSIVE reason data-unavailable if no column records reproductive mode, or if the only tables are fishes or vertebrates alone so that A has no bloodless taxa in scope. A coding scheme whose only legal values are oviparous and viviparous cannot disconfirm B and is not-operationalizable for B. FishBase alone is inadmissible for A. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.85 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis Every viviparous animal has blood, and every animal with blood is viviparous or oviparous unless it is infertile. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Clause A: count viviparous species that are bloodless, over all viviparous species in a table that also contains bloodless taxa. Clause B: proportion of sanguineous species whose mode is outside {oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous, infertile}. Thresholds as in the pass and fail criteria. If the column vocabulary cannot express another mode, B is not-operationalizable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Two clauses. (A) Among species scored both for reproductive mode and for blood in the vertebrate sense (sanguineous versus bloodless), every species scored viviparous is scored sanguineous; denominator of viviparous species n >= 30, and the denominator must include bloodless taxa so that a viviparous bloodless animal could have appeared. (B) Among sanguineous species with a reproductive-mode value, n >= 100, at least 99 percent are oviparous, viviparous, or ovoviviparous, or are scored infertile. Ovoviviparity counts as within 'viviparous or oviparous' because Aristotle treats internal eggs that later yield live young as that combination, not as a third fertile mode. SUPPORTS only if both A and B pass. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ga02-04 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description column and class audit. No blood column and no reproductive-mode column. Litter size was not used. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Copyright restrictions: None. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Amniote life-history database, August 2015 CSV https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/Data_Files/Amniote_Database_Aug_2015.csv https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/metadata.php https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E096/269/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:7f16fd753e9b28b652d5b69fe62d4577dd2d7e8270060981675ee189ef87a02e https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:ae16377ebe8a172949c2b8c200a50c5d0c7fc04d34bd3c9704635da4a4d51f53 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description not read. 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