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The seven classes divide into fourteen distinct modes of arrangement: three in the cubic system, one hexagonal, two tetragonal, one rhombohedral, four orthorhombic, two monoclinic and one triclinic.
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Formalization: one, contingent. Completeness is a theorem; that nature realises all fourteen is the empirical part.
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Related claim <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/thompson1917-ch09-11> (analogy): Thompson explains the six-rayed hexactinellid spicule by vesicles packed in linear series, so that the spicule follows the edges of a system of cubes rather than of hexagons or dodecahedra: the arrangement he invokes is the cubic P mode of Bravais's fourteen. An analogy of packing between cells and lattice points, not a statement that the sponge is a crystal.
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There are fourteen distinct lattice modes
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|\text{Bravais lattices}| = 14
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Bravais A, “Mémoire sur les systèmes formés par des points distribués régulièrement sur un plan ou dans l'espace”, Journal de l'École Polytechnique 19 (cahier 33), 1850; read in Études cristallographiques, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1866 (1850); Mémoire sur les systèmes de points, § VI, pp. 95-98. Scope: All three-dimensional lattices.
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Bravais A. Mémoire sur les systèmes formés par des points distribués régulièrement sur un plan ou dans l'espace. Journal de l'École Polytechnique 19 (cahier 33), 1850; read in Études cristallographiques, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1866 (1850), 1-128
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Auguste Bravais
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1850
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The posthumous 1866 collection reprints the 1850 memoir on lattices and the 1851 memoir on polyhedra of crystalline form. French.
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Public domain (1850; collection 1866).
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Mémoire sur les systèmes formés par des points distribués régulièrement sur un plan ou dans l'espace
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Reading copy of Mémoire sur les systèmes formés par des points distribués régulièrement sur un plan ou dans l'espace
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Page 183 of the reading copy; paragraph 3259 of the normalised text 1850-bravais.txt (sha256 d7a7910b838d96a1c4b37d979c0ba877c254fd83a256922580fa367c168d3cbd), produced by build/fetch.py and checked by build/check-quotes.mjs. The text itself is not committed.
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Nous allons maintenant appliquer les formules du § IX à chacun des quatorze modes cristallins.
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Auguste Bravais 1850 claim: There are fourteen distinct lattice modes
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