https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py joins FishBase species, reproduc, and maturity on SpecCode and keeps genus Anguilla. A ReproMode value beginning with 'dioec' is the table's dioecism code and is read as the pre-registered separate-sex code. 18 Anguilla species have that code. 5 species have both male and female rows in the maturity table. BioSample hits count only when a sex attribute equals male or female. Validated males 19 of raw 117; validated females 18 of raw 186. Mugil cephalus is reported and does not set the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 18 Anguilla species whose FishBase ReproMode starts with dioec (n = 19, species count in FishBase 24.07; one reproduction row per listed species). Interpretation: Aristotle's eels are the genus Anguilla. 'Neither male nor female' means no differentiated sexes, not sequential hermaphroditism and not a failure to notice small gonads. A dioecious or gonochoristic code, or deposited male and female specimens, refutes that reading. The mullet of stagnant waters is unnamed; it is not hunted for after the data are open. Mugil cephalus is reported only because it was named here, before the download, as the common Mediterranean mullet. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga02-21: refutes, confidence 0.93 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga02-21/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets FishBase 24.07 reproduc.parquet, maturity.parquet, and species.parquet from the Source Cooperative snapshot, plus NCBI BioSample for organism Anguilla with a sex attribute. The verdict follows Anguilla only. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation An Anguilla species is coded as having males and females, or at least five biosamples of each sex exist. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Eel gonads are small until the fish matures, which is why an ancient observer could miss them. The test asks whether males and females exist, not whether they are obvious in a market fish. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst FishBase is CC BY-NC and is not redistributed here. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The unnamed mullet of stagnant waters is not identified. Mugil cephalus is a pre-specified side note. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Anguilla reproduction codes say the fish has no sex, and biosamples are not labelled male or female. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Refutes if any Anguilla species is coded dioecious, gonochoristic, or separate sexes, or has a sex ratio that names both males and females, OR validated biosamples include at least 5 males and at least 5 females. Mixed if one source says separate sexes and the other says no sexes. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if there is no Anguilla reproduction row and the biosample queries return no validated sex. The stagnant-water mullet is not identified in the claim. Mugil cephalus is reported as a pre-specified secondary example and does not change the eel verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.93 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If eels are neither male nor female, then FishBase will not code any Anguilla species as having separate sexes, and NCBI BioSample will not contain both male and female Anguilla samples. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Join reproduction and maturity rows to species on SpecCode, keep genus Anguilla, and read columns whose names contain repro, hermaphrod, sexual, sex, or gonad. Biosample queries: Anguilla[ORGN] AND male[ATTR], and the same with female. A biosample counts only if the summary text marks sex as male or female. Threshold five of each sex, or any explicit separate-sex code. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Supports if every Anguilla species that has a reproduction record is coded as having no differentiated sex (wording such as undifferentiated, no sexes, or neither male nor female) AND validated male biosamples and validated female biosamples are both zero. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ga02-21 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description reproduc.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY-NC 3.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: FishBase 24.07 reproduc.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v24.07/parquet/reproduc.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v24.07 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:24c208a224357c36f3e4a5b6e34357837671f0c5a0b3954c2fe698d26909155b https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description species.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY-NC 3.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: FishBase 24.07 species.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v24.07/parquet/species.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v24.07 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:571c60b0b47cf50ca28d49b01b6abc17ab0506d8233e7d703b2c87e3ff41fb3c https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-3 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description maturity.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-3 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY-NC 3.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: FishBase 24.07 maturity.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/us-west-2.opendata.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v24.07/parquet/maturity.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v24.07 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:06ea0393dc5671542997f31ccc3d7d56c90837b676686fcef4bcfee6b6e14d29 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description sexed eel samples https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license NCBI public access https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: NCBI BioSample Anguilla records whose sex attribute is male or female https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=biosample&term=Anguilla%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20female%5BAll%20Fields%5D&retmode=json&retmax=20 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi?db=biosample&term=Anguilla%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20male%5BAll%20Fields%5D&retmode=json&retmax=20 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:9de122f67be9d5b9736d13594c247f7e034297b554689236a42234a2f5565fc3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test--dataset-4 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:dc60f207b3c7adc21c6e0e571e88c42e1d8ec0c89e72af29775f83c5c5f04950 https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-biology-claims-c60f) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier Grok 4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga02-21/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/test https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/plan https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.735Z https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga02-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga02-21: refutes, confidence 0.93 https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature F6XQQionc8LB3GMhSUYNUg1O8rfdz8VjMbL2KYDvUPAgyrU0XsQjgpdzjnFnWS71MY7xryo35ecRKmv0PLnVrGwYBJyte2Tv0IufpDG3Qxo7axud5FcgTfLWuFTKPbwuOV5MTZb0uSdSDe57J0fIAkrF4YdmEPFFuQyijVR7Hl3LegstpKgYPMiPz2EvaZS0OX4tNTjvonuQI+G4eDqSScYmAoZZ2t5XwW9HdlX8J54+DUK+r+t56wg6qKo9FqJ074MaF2/BNdZ2wXQCzDSmMdtJ3+kZhnWz7853imAVuEMkphAHCCybBW8NB9paTvNCY8PvBYHH7MlCNo14uABgjg== https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek https://w3id.org/np/RAkyD25GVClE2dSV92SROh6gOVymZ7oV37yMCvhMUucek/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192