https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAievwKCKIdUz_CQYuYLmBR7rAKVk4ZdeHoQY7YsPloG4/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Checked the zip against the publisher md5 and size, read only kidney_left and kidney_right masks, and compared center-of-mass Z in the NIfTI world frame. The median kidney length selected meters or millimeters before the 5 mm test. The side comparison was not used to choose the axis. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.23529411764705882 fraction of qualifying human CT subjects in whom the right kidney center of mass is more than 5 mm superior to the left (n = 85, binary masks; 5 mm tie band; anomalies not removed). Interpretation: Higher means more cranial, operationalized as a larger superior coordinate of the renal center of mass. The dataset is human. The claim says all animals that have kidneys. A human majority with the left kidney higher is a counterexample. A human majority with the right kidney higher is consistent with the claim and does not establish it beyond humans. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha01-24: refutes, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha01-24/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Public CT segmentations that label kidney_left and kidney_right separately, with a NIfTI affine in a RAS world frame, from humans or other kidney-bearing animals, measured independently of Aristotle. This registration uses the 102-subject TotalSegmentator subset because the full release is 28 GB. Congenital anomalies cannot be removed; the 5 percent tolerance in the agree-band is the allowance for them. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation The right kidney is superior in fewer than half of those subjects. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Only kidney masks are read. The CT volumes in the same zip are not used. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The superior axis is assumed to be NIfTI +Z. The extent check is the guard against a mis-oriented affine; if it fails, the test stops rather than flipping the axis after the side comparison. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Zenodo metadata was read (doi, license CC BY 4.0, file name, size, md5). The zip was not downloaded, and no kidney coordinate was computed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In human CT masks the right-kidney center of mass is superior to the left by more than 5 mm in at least 95 percent of subjects who have both kidneys segmented. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if at least 40 subjects qualify and the fraction with the right kidney higher is below 0.50. Humans are animals with kidneys, so a majority pattern against the claim refutes 'in all animals'. Mixed if at least 40 qualify and the fraction is from 0.50 up to but not including 0.95. If at least 40 qualify and the fraction is at least 0.95, the verdict on the universal claim is inconclusive with reason underpowered (one species agrees; other animals were not measured), and the human fraction is reported. Inconclusive with reason underpowered if fewer than 40 subjects have both kidneys. Inconclusive with reason data-unavailable if the zip cannot be fetched or its md5 or byte size disagrees with the publisher values above. Inconclusive with reason other if the median kidney extent falls in neither the meter band nor the millimeter band, which means the superior axis or the units are not the ones this rule assumes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the right kidney lies higher than the left in animals that have kidneys, then in human CT segmentations the center of mass of the right kidney is superior to the center of mass of the left kidney. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Center-of-mass Z of nonzero voxels, right minus left, threshold 5 mm, after a pre-registered unit check on kidney length. The fraction of subjects above the threshold is compared with 0.50 and 0.95. A universal claim is refuted by a contrary majority in one in-scope species and is not confirmed by agreement in that species alone. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. From the TotalSegmentator small subset (Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.8367170, file Totalsegmentator_dataset_small_v2.zip, publisher md5 53c02c76a2ada07fd7c5c55aac5c91fc, size 3263252066), for each subject with both kidney_right and kidney_left masks of at least 500 nonzero voxels, compute the center of mass in world coordinates using the NIfTI sform if sform_code is nonzero, otherwise the qform. Superior is +Z in the NIfTI RAS world frame. The right kidney is higher when Z_right - Z_left > 5 mm. Units: if the median superior-inferior extent of a kidney (max Z minus min Z) falls between 0.04 and 0.20, treat coordinates as meters and multiply by 1000 before the 5 mm test; if the median extent falls between 40 and 200, treat them as millimeters. The human pattern agrees with the claim if at least 40 subjects qualify and the fraction with the right kidney higher is at least 0.95. That agreement does not confirm the claim for all animals. The joint universal is supported only if this human threshold is met and at least one other kidney-bearing class is measured the same way. 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