https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Ran the pre-registered Europe PMC title-and-abstract query with resultType=core and pageSize=25. A result counts only when its own title or abstract names sextuplets, septuplets, octuplets or nonuplets, also refers to a human birth, and does not negate that word. The highest such plurality is the measured value. One hit refutes five as the maximum. The search was not used to support the maximum. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 8 infants at one delivery; the highest plurality named in a matching title or abstract (n = 19, count of matching abstracts in the first 25 search results, not a census of births). Interpretation: The quote states the largest number brought forth at one birth, and says five has been seen more than once. The test is the maximum, not the existence of quintuplets. Six or more at one delivery refutes five as the maximum. The scope is human births, so the abstract must be about a human delivery. An abstract search can find a counterexample. It cannot prove that no larger birth has occurred, so it cannot support the claim. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha07-12: refutes, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha07-12/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Europe PMC title-and-abstract search on https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search, format=json, pageSize=25. The query is TITLE_ABS:(sextuplets OR septuplets OR octuplets OR nonuplets OR sextuplet OR septuplet OR octuplet OR nonuplet) AND (birth OR born OR delivery OR deliveries). resultType=core is required because an earlier test showed that resultType=lite omits abstractText; that deviation is declared here, before this search is run. No abstract from this query was read before this registration. No vital-statistics file may be added after the abstracts are read. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A title or abstract describes a human sextuplet, septuplet, octuplet or nonuplet birth. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A case report is one delivery, not a rate. One delivery above five is enough to reject the stated maximum. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Abstracts can mention a higher-order birth without being the clinical record of it. The pattern accepts that mention. It does not accept a negated mention. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Only the first 25 results were read. The verdict uses those abstracts, not the unrecovered remainder of the hit list. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The query was not run before this file was committed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The test does not estimate how often births above five occur. It asks whether the stated maximum of five still holds. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Published titles and abstracts do not describe a human delivery of six or more infants. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if at least one Europe PMC title or abstract, from the query below, states a human delivery of six or more infants. The words that count are sextuplet, sextuplets, septuplet, septuplets, octuplet, octuplets, nonuplet and nonuplets, in a title or abstract that also refers to a human birth (birth, born, delivery, infant, baby or mother). A hit does not count if the same title or abstract negates it (no sextuplet, not a sextuplet, without septuplets, or the same for the other words). Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if the search returns results but none meet that pattern: the search was built to find counterexamples, and a miss does not show that five is the maximum. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if the Europe PMC request fails. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis No woman has given birth to more than five children at one delivery. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Keep a hit only when its own title or abstract contains one of the eight plurality words, also contains a human-birth word, and does not contain a negation of that plurality word. One such hit refutes the claim that five is the maximum. Zero such hits is inconclusive, reason underpowered. Supports is not a reachable verdict of this search. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered, before any plurality count or abstract was downloaded. The maximum of five would be supported only by a vital-registration table that separates five from six or more and records zero deliveries of six or more across its covered population and years. This run does not include such a table. A support verdict is not available from an abstract search aimed at higher-order births, because failing to retrieve a paper is not a census. This run must not report supports. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha07-12 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description titles and abstracts that name a human sextuplet, septuplet, octuplet or nonuplet birth https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Public Europe PMC REST API; each abstract remains under its source article's terms https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Europe PMC title and abstract search for higher-order human births https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=TITLE_ABS%3A%28sextuplets+OR+septuplets+OR+octuplets+OR+nonuplets+OR+sextuplet+OR+septuplet+OR+octuplet+OR+nonuplet%29+AND+%28birth+OR+born+OR+delivery+OR+deliveries%29&format=json&resultType=core&pageSize=25 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://europepmc.org/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha07-12--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:6399e13032e32ac6a1069f210cf8f254abe808809d9d3bc52aefc5149532a37b https://w3id.org/np/RAhirkNdIq0IhcfanpQnx4smpNi3Jnjd2S3F9i07duTAw/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; 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