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A hooked beak is not a curvature angle in the morphology table; it is operationalized as a high beak-depth to culmen-length ratio relative to other birds, and that proxy is named as a proxy. Vegetable food is the summed fruit, nectar, seed and other-plant percentages. Incidental scores above 0 but below the refute threshold are mixed, not a silent pass." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-pa03-05 (pr-169): refutes, confidence 0.85" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa03-05/pr-169/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "A global, public, species-level diet compilation that separates plant items from animal items, restricted to species-level or congeneric certainty, plus an open morphological table with beak depth and culmen length. Imputed genus- or family-typical diets (certainty D1 or D2) do not count in the primary set." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "A substantial plant fraction in at least one in twenty of those species, or any species with at least half its diet recorded as plant food; or raptor beak-depth ratios that do not exceed other birds." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "A single species with a large plant fraction is enough to refute a claim that says the birds eat no vegetable food whatsoever, once it clears the pre-registered threshold." }, { "@value": "Beak depth over culmen length is a proxy for a hooked tip. The morphology table has no curvature angle." }, { "@value": "Certainty D1 and D2 rows are genus or family imputations and were excluded from the primary count." }, { "@value": "Diet percentages are expert translations of handbook prose, not stomach-content samples." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "Species-level diets of the named raptor families contain no fruit, nectar, seed or other plant matter, and their beak depth relative to culmen length sits above the non-raptor distribution in the way decision_rule states." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered. The diet clause refutes the claim if at least 5 percent of the primary species have plant food of at least 10 percent, or if any primary species has plant food of at least 50 percent. The beak clause refutes its part if fewer than 80 percent of measured raptors exceed the non-raptor median ratio, or if the raptor median ratio is at or below the non-raptor median. If the diet clause refutes, the verdict is refutes even when the beak file cannot be read. If the diet clause passes and the beak file cannot be read, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. If n for the diet clause is below 30, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. A diet result with some plant food that meets neither the pass nor the refute rule is mixed for that clause; the claim verdict is mixed unless the other clause refutes." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.85", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-05--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-05--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "refutes" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "If crooked-clawed birds invariably have a hooked beak and eat no vegetable food, then raptors in the pre-registered families have no plant food in a species-level diet compilation and have beaks deeper relative to culmen length than other birds." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Plant percentage is the sum of the four plant columns. The diet rule is a universal count against the two thresholds. The beak rule compares the depth-to-culmen ratio of the same families with the median and 75th percentile of all other species in the morphology table. Diet refutation decides the claim even if the morphology file is missing." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered. Diet clause: among species in the families listed in decision_rule whose diet certainty is A, B or C, and whose diet percentages sum to between 95 and 105, plant food (fruit + nectar + seed + other plant) is 0 for every species, and n is at least 30. Beak clause: among the same families matched to AVONET, at least 95 percent of species with both beak depth and culmen length have depth/culmen above the median of all non-raptor species, the raptor median ratio exceeds the non-raptor 75th percentile, and n is at least 30. Both clauses must pass." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-05--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "species-level diet percentages for birds" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "No copyright restrictions stated by the Ecological Archives data paper; citation requested" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: EltonTraits 1.0 bird foraging attributes (BirdFuncDat.txt)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E095/178/BirdFuncDat.txt" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://esapubs.org/archive/ecol/E095/178/" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:97216eb1797da077169ebb1ebea275db293b09fc62f8bb8911f9beb98c50d321" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-05--claim-test--pr-169--dataset-2", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "beak depth and culmen length" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: AVONET supplementary dataset 1, species-level morphology" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/34480856" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16586228" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:eb645e83dddb40f1654a3e8d721998dbca76eff540231b7b809267c1e96f8d3e" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa03-05", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-05--claim-test--pr-169" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAhXQiWSO3Yo8pueHOa_euA2UV5N5C6jFRyXnZWDboREk/provenance", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; 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