https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the pre-registered xlsx and read every sheet. A positive finite size is presence; 0, absent, no, none, lacking, or false is absence; a blank is missing. The denominator is sanguineous species with explicit heart and liver codes. Support needs heart and liver in every denominator species and an explicit absence of lung, spleen, and kidney. A third viscus present in every denominator species refutes exclusivity. The teleological need clause was not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 1 share of denominator species with an explicit heart presence (n = 1, denominator is species with an explicit heart code and an explicit liver code). Interpretation: Animals with blood are the sanguineous classes listed above. The two viscera that must be universal are the heart and the liver. The other viscera named in the same passage are the lung, the spleen, and the kidneys. The next sentence of the quote says breathers invariably have a lung, so a lung in every tetrapod does not by itself refute 'only two in all'; a lung in every species of a panel that includes fishes does. Kidneys and spleen are not given that exemption. The 'need' sentence is a separate teleological clause and is not measured. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa03-21: inconclusive, confidence 0.65 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa03-21/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A checksummed table of species-level organ records that can carry an explicit absence, not a narrative anatomy page. A positive size counts as presence. A blank cell does not count as absence. NCBI biosamples and the Phenoscape supermatrix are not added after the sheet is opened. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least one denominator species is explicitly coded without a heart or without a liver, or kidney or spleen is coded present for every denominator species, or lung is coded present for every denominator species including at least five fishes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A published organ size is presence. It is not a census of animals that lack the organ. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The file sits in a Double_checking directory. If it is a review sheet rather than a species-by-organ matrix, the test stops at data-unavailable or not-operationalizable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The xlsx was not opened before this registration. The path and byte size 119045 come from the GitHub git tree, not from the cells. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In the denominator, heart and liver are present in every species, and lung, spleen, and kidney are each explicitly absent in at least one species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes, confidence 0.80, if the span is adequate and at least one denominator species has an explicit absence of heart or of liver, or kidney is present in every denominator species, or spleen is present in every denominator species, or lung is present in every denominator species and at least five denominator species are Actinopterygii or Chondrichthyes. Inconclusive, reason not-operationalizable, confidence 0.65, if the sheet parses but no explicit absence code exists for heart, liver, lung, spleen, or kidney and neither kidney nor spleen is present in every species of an adequate span: a missing size is not an absence, so exclusivity cannot be scored. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, confidence 0.50, if explicit codes exist but the span is inadequate. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, confidence 0.80, if the file does not download or has no species key and no organ field. Mixed is not used: a third viscus present in every denominator species refutes the 'only two' clause on its own. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.65 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the pattern holds, every sanguineous species in a coded panel has a heart and a liver, and lung, spleen and kidney are each missing from at least one of those species. The sentence that these parts are needed is not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Species are the units. The denominator is species with explicit heart and liver codes, restricted to sanguineous classes when a class column is present. Universality is a share of 1 with that denominator printed. The teleological claim that the animals need these two parts is left untested. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered, before the spreadsheet is opened. The file is https://raw.githubusercontent.com/felixpleiva/organ_size_DB/main/Double_checking/organ_size_DB_checked_Felix.xlsx (119045 bytes on the GitHub tree listing). A species is a row key from a column whose header, lower-cased, contains species, taxon, binomial, or scientific. A class column is used only if a header contains class. Organs are read from a long organ column (header contains organ or tissue) or from wide columns whose headers are exactly one of heart, liver, lung, lungs, spleen, kidney, kidneys. A positive finite number is presence. An explicit absence is the number 0 or a cell whose stripped lower case is 0, absent, no, none, lacking, or false. A blank, NA, or missing row is not an absence. The denominator is the set of species with an explicit heart code and an explicit liver code. Sanguineous classes, when a class column exists, are Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Actinopterygii, and Chondrichthyes; Insecta and Cephalopoda are dropped. The span is adequate when the denominator has at least 30 species, at least one species in Actinopterygii or Chondrichthyes, and at least two of Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, and Amphibia. Support, confidence 0.70, only if the span is adequate, every denominator species has heart present and liver present, and lung, spleen, and kidney each have at least one explicit absence inside the denominator. Gill is not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa03-21 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description species-level organ size or presence codes for heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Leiva et al. organ-size database, Felix checked workbook https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://raw.githubusercontent.com/felixpleiva/organ_size_DB/main/Double_checking/organ_size_DB_checked_Felix.xlsx https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/felixpleiva/organ_size_DB https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:4089c0cc756af9e1a5a21f363232d21f0e3aa62c46cfa81bb5fd6ffbb048aa90 https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-breeding-e-9310) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier Grok 4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa03-21/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/test https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/plan https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.795Z https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-21--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa03-21: inconclusive, confidence 0.65 https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature HvKA27ftoIwePE7LTiSPIr2MielgqhhLy8CN/6khRP5FFhG00zWx3R5pwjC96A2ghxFTKPhVOp+XDd2l2H2M50E+NJda0ffg38nz6NfqRPExi5tVamSUUWIH8VqTHEViJcqbaebtA32MuDKmlKYeTRz2mltq8Kit/OtHNnKkB1+GKoaaPP+ubQus2kwL8g0XUeJvPPchm7jC0FDnY5WpamgPzogshr6ajmIfgqT5c+gjpZTd6QlKHei6ng9wkiTnHtJHHqo/dE+xbfzKeAaroQhAS95ir7odqJYBQ3vhntsdJfJfuxgS6VYe0in2v4/cBo3wCfPJjpK7SYhXzxPRmw== https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4 https://w3id.org/np/RAfo3Fyp5yH1xNTUIezZ43IwA0m_g4t_Dcu7uP8aL5De4/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192