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<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch14-02--claim-test--pr-129>
a <https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment>;
dc:description "The synthetic gate was run first and passed. Every JPEG or PNG in the Wikimedia Commons category Helianthus annuus (fruit) with a shorter side of at least 800 pixels was downloaded, hashed, resized to a shorter side of 900 pixels, and decoded to gray with ffmpeg. Blob scale was then chosen by the smallest coefficient of variation of nearest-neighbour distance among background widths 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 pixels and both polarities, restricted to detections of 150 to 2500 points. The intersection angle is the smaller angle between the two shortest nearest-neighbour directions, averaged in three radial bands. A head counted only if it met the pre-registered lattice rules. Dryad file 4661, the pre-registered fallback, returned HTTP 401, so it was not measured. The verdict is the pre-registered rule applied to the two heads that passed.";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "Measured: 67.514 median head-mean intersection angle, degrees (n = 2, head-mean min 66.69, max 68.34; range-of-bands median 4.66). Interpretation: Thompson's sentence is read as a claim about the spirals on a sunflower disc, which is the case he is contrasting with Church: they cross isogonally (one angle along the disc), and a right angle is only a particular, uncommon case of two logarithmic spirals about one pole. 'The spirals' are operationalized as the two locally conspicuous contact directions at each seed: the two shortest distinct nearest-neighbour lattice directions. Their intersection angle is the smaller angle between those two undirected lines, in (0, 90] degrees. 'Isogonal' means that angle's band means change by at most 15° from the inner band to the outer band. 'Orthogonal' means a head-mean of at least 85° (within 5° of a right angle). This is the crossing a viewer sees between the parastichies that are actually in contact at that radius. It is not the angle of one fixed index-step family followed from centre to rim; that reading is not used, because assigning a generative index from a photograph is unstable once seeds are missed, and it was set aside before any photograph was measured. The same measurement on a Vogel (equal-area, golden-angle) lattice is nearly constant and near 78°, so it counts as isogonal and not orthogonal; a logarithmic spiral with plastochron ratio 1.02 is isogonal and orthogonal. Those two synthetics are the method gate, not evidence about sunflowers. Scope is Helianthus annuus capitula. Other inflorescences are not tested. No assessment score is used.";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Claim test of thompson1917-ch14-02 (pr-129): inconclusive, confidence 0.72";
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso> <https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/thompson-growth-form/thompson1917-ch14-02/pr-129/result.json>;
prov:wasAttributedTo <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7>;
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets> "Openly licensed photographs of Helianthus annuus capitula in which individual seeds or florets are visible, taken independently of Thompson's text. The primary source is every JPEG or PNG in Wikimedia Commons category 'Helianthus annuus (fruit)' whose shorter side is at least 800 pixels. The Dryad Turing's Sunflowers annotated-image zip (doi:10.5061/dryad.f9k77) is admissible only as a pre-registered fallback if the Wikimedia category yields fewer than 5 usable heads, and then only the first 40 raster images in alphabetical path order. Counts without positions are not admissible. Images are not hand-picked.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType> "claim-test/0.1.0";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind> "biological";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation> "Either the band-mean range is at least 30° on at least 70% of usable heads, or the angle is steady and the head-mean is at least 85° on at least half of usable heads. A lattice that cannot be resolved, or fewer than 5 usable heads, does not confirm or refute the claim.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst> "A head-mean of 85° is the pre-registered boundary of 'orthogonal'. Angles near that boundary are not reclassified.",
"Confidence 0.72 is confidence that the registered sample-size rule makes the verdict inconclusive, not a confidence that the crossing angle has been settled.",
"Resizing to 900 pixels on the short side was fixed before measurement so that the pre-registered pixel-scale filters match the synthetic disc they were written for.",
"Seed centres are automatic blobs. A head whose seeds are occluded, glossy, or not seen face-on fails the lattice standard-deviation rule and is not counted.",
"The Dryad annotation zip (file 4661) returned HTTP 401 to a scripted download, so the fallback sample was not measured.",
"The angle is the crossing of the two locally shortest contact directions, not the angle of one fixed parastichy family followed from the centre to the rim.",
"The sample is whatever the open category contained on the retrieval day, mostly cultivated Helianthus annuus, not a designed sample of capitula.",
"Two heads passed the lattice rule (head-means 66.7° and 68.3°, band ranges 0.4° and 8.9°). Both are inside the isogonal band and outside the orthogonal band, but two heads are below the pre-registered minimum of five, so they are not a support.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation> "On real sunflower seed heads, the angle between the two shortest contact directions is steady across radius (band-mean range ≤ 15° on at least 70% of usable heads) and the head-mean is below 85° for more than 75% of usable heads.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion> "Pre-registered (refutes). After the method gate passes and with at least 5 usable capitula: either at least 70% of usable capitula have a radial range ≥ 30° (the crossing angle is not constant), or at least 70% have range ≤ 15° and at least 50% have head-mean ≥ 85° (the crossing is constant and typically orthogonal). If at least 5 capitula are usable and neither the pass nor the fail rule is met, the verdict is mixed. If the method gate fails, the verdict is inconclusive with reason other and the biological counts are not interpreted. If no capitulum is usable, inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. If 1 to 4 capitula are usable, inconclusive with reason underpowered.";
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<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict> "inconclusive";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis> "On a sunflower capitulum the two locally conspicuous opposed parastichies cross at an angle that stays about the same from the inner disc to the rim, and a right-angle crossing is an uncommon special case rather than the typical one.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod> "At each detected seed between 0.40 R and 0.90 R (R = 95th percentile of distance from the mean of the points), take the 6 nearest neighbours, cluster their undirected directions at 18°, and record the smaller angle between the lines of the two shortest clusters. Average that angle in three radial bands [0.40, 0.567), [0.567, 0.733), [0.733, 0.90). A head is usable only if both dark-blob and bright-blob detectors are tried and at least one yields ≥ 150 points, ≥ 25 angles in every band, every band's sample standard deviation ≤ 18°, and at least 15% of points inside 0.5 R. If both polarities are usable, keep the one with more points. Thresholds are those in pass_criterion and fail_criterion. A synthetic method gate must pass before those thresholds are applied to photographs.";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion> "Pre-registered (supports). After the method gate below passes: among usable capitula, at least 70% have a radial range of band-mean intersection angles ≤ 15°, and at most 25% have a head-mean intersection angle ≥ 85°. At least 5 usable capitula are required.";
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"sha256:554e1715d1b22371e647e101b1c90fa6cd68096ef2e1d886c34a5ba520271580", "sha256:56823fcf7fe70fe70cd32481d1fc868e6d1d820ac53ec03812216dc45764364d",
"sha256:595e645373b84fe601654c6bbb402ca887e733d91c67dc3f6bc63ceadaf903fc", "sha256:5bd3eadb6e7c22e35415e74fc6155fcee39df735dbd3cd3271952fcfde3e88a0",
"sha256:5e922907dc240a634755d8af08770fc275d69f4f6372da10845df50994a885cb", "sha256:64fe28403221d39d464857a6d0f7f5749708cebf58c39aa8a11fa4a5667a30b5",
"sha256:6747477edc71f29a816776560e1df4450110951c986331d98df26b0e438456ad", "sha256:6781dc27b4c260fb7919adc2e0bc4ebf4f34e844c3c5587ccf3fe917002754f3",
"sha256:69b388eea002642cdf47e1fe2167a9413cd1cf86edd528aeb9ecc553c178f3d6", "sha256:6d7a000b9ddcec369369fde204569266a98a1d6d096d1f59dba20acbf1e7aece",
"sha256:6dfeff7c8713ea3c9369a909f19e99548eaba38d979cb7decb80653a57c9d982", "sha256:760170e0a60a1262071646ba3f7f0a8162332ec5b8e81b33826aed04ddb10bc0",
"sha256:7f31907268214c8685f8317a38037e4aad09903b3571ef13c02b7f4cd3e77c64", "sha256:871aa92a53010a2cf73f08c6faa52c5170ac61a12775e39cea4ce47af9186037",
"sha256:8af6d0e3d9953f69562c7e205854f9ae7ca4c593f64e83687e0072069be86efd", "sha256:918c1c05c0be90db1820fd7e32901ecec9e2b0267c12bbd907a627c6ba94d236",
"sha256:92cf18e3e718d2578577597a4b6db9d05e981be5b64f32e305b68f39c7fa272e", "sha256:94463c60d14c0132210a5374d0f1ed3da2b12c5256f7d31b63fcbd85a663d00c",
"sha256:95db2482fcb49081617bd3517900388705620e33c3d565899070fcb3e12aae1e", "sha256:9979d57646c11269e7cfcc5be9d8add1d59684e7150129d83fa1c917b309f33c",
"sha256:9ffc8742442a71dfbcb8045028887d507248b5d656d7519db9b97f0ebf84caad", "sha256:a43fd1eceb68483127ca63b5a669898c7b4f418138d5243b9b87bfa370087452",
"sha256:a480baef4da96863359094fdcf287cf2c21cc6fe2288301f3d61ac8493febd9a", "sha256:a51949b57b8e087fa2a1db9217c0c6eee963f0d2fb2c87c2935438f74ae5b689",
"sha256:ac7e4b5391436453a5ff9d296a65822836290611ace1f69e88432f4654671f8b", "sha256:b62a689de39467acc57c49c8c37552e57d299fb82fc24748f01eb3287df22a61",
"sha256:b80d15b2dfd4c3e4e896c36eabfcc6e4635d6ae33e99599cb046774c57c5fa7b", "sha256:b90219c8a29e899b637f74eca8a9b1085871f00dccdcf3cac3e774ddaa7c927f",
"sha256:c104c299a058617486a9adbdedd710c8b0a02641334a80d9dc30f5416b16d63d", "sha256:c2c7a9857d419c42cb9da0ea3ec7b8b6554ab93674db2b1ec1c2c35213db2dff",
"sha256:c2ffc566b21a0ed493271dc6fc489a0e4646f7d15e6657454cc284b36158bf81", "sha256:c6a7195ac5af1fb83d0ae00c092886115dc7e9e9969b2157bf0f0383add1461a",
"sha256:c8dff40388681776fffb150fede2ac956aeacdbf05b8d6a7e0d8c95889f8cb28", "sha256:cb3095d938d77b48965421e9d3d48df1e3f14b98e64b3f02572ed49e987294ff",
"sha256:cdc85617bb17c19bdb1e96c8d6206cf90b5e189f6691ecd701a51a0498499729", "sha256:cea16e981f3cb80548875564098a5ef1f085873fc66674c0827457f0efe41027",
"sha256:d57ac4b16354a7a76ecb21371a64e199024a75f4a854db261a20fd8b184daa41", "sha256:d5f9de6da8ca206e7cc9b83bc331b1a6ea22e2029b57f79f3e02efa2ff75b71c",
"sha256:dc921c182c56bf93e19480e0296b03b04fa7deee6a4d8d0ec679e6e56a93f287", "sha256:e3766f6cc95444b8ea32e59518d8f978923fddd629ebd203c0d2c16b842a0dbc",
"sha256:e53993cb25aba6c3d553b0fb75f2ec83d4969b4bd36bba2a1ab21fe0d66c7773", "sha256:edd4b7e2a4be0e6114199d0a6922a4385c8be3a7cc5d9f64c67944fb5d76a6ac",
"sha256:ee295d97446859ae43bb36ea604b3b87ce4688abdaf7d4ef09e8d2c7ad2dd9be", "sha256:f059998fdcab74dc8a6e37fb67868cc268ab1c17d77af522e2d9a0dfc73ba013",
"sha256:f634911e7b0ffe422f4e716019b85eec6dc342b3ddf5a18a277c216314c01804", "sha256:f75200148d96fd9a3f4f327f65df2a342c00097b09cc0680977150a083077c7e" .
}
sub:provenance {
<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7> a prov:SoftwareAgent;
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; cursor/thompson-ch14-spiral-angle-ecd6)";
prov:actedOnBehalfOf <https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192>;
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel> <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7> .
<https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7> a <https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel>;
dc:identifier "grok-4.7" .
sub:assertion prov:wasAttributedTo <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7>;
prov:wasDerivedFrom <https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/thompson-growth-form/thompson1917-ch14-02/pr-129/result.json>;
prov:wasGeneratedBy sub:test .
sub:plan prov:hadPlan <https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md> .
sub:test a prov:Activity;
prov:qualifiedAssociation sub:plan;
prov:wasAssociatedWith <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7> .
}
sub:pubinfo {
this: dc:created "2026-11-08T16:24:31.908Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
dc:creator <https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192>;
dc:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>;
npx:hasNanopubType <https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment>;
npx:introduces <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/thompson1917-ch14-02--claim-test--pr-129>;
<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "Claim test of thompson1917-ch14-02 (pr-129): inconclusive, confidence 0.72";
<https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain> <https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/thompson-growth-form-1917> .
sub:sig npx:hasAlgorithm "RSA";
npx:hasPublicKey "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB";
npx:hasSignature "x8IEdUu0vkj7JCudrQkgIbMsyhfxPfinD9qRgSHrXkmYqVaBR5cpNVsn8E0Dhv4QlJm04t5VUbPiUw+gmByhe3Sa0DXJ9u2VCZu3FkOyxvw9k9GWtnLktcEDhETzejs/WkZBsL4NS5YUu9jTYgjADpBGq5cYRyDr4uwkvfwpYqVolStjhKt8pVkfZ07BSh6Ozxi019l2Sp/EBk7WOeT/JOEgQWusaqW6qHIiA/egtVtxSgJmgEl8Zz8+swbl4F7TSV2Wp4WJQomMy8eIJOmfbuzPvXhuk9Q/hOJ8U97M22FjdIc2uCyK3cmB8gm3WsEDd2AL56DvxBDTHC4dE3G2Eg==";
npx:hasSignatureTarget this:;
npx:signedBy <https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192> .
}