<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/Head> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/provenance> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/Head> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/Head> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/Head> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/_b1> <http://schema.org/alternateName> "gaval" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/_b1> <http://schema.org/identifier> "short_name" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/_b1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <https://w3id.org/peh/terms/ContextAlias> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/_b1> <https://w3id.org/peh/terms/hasContext> <https://ror.org/04gq0w522> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf> <https://w3id.org/spaces/biochementity/r/vocabulary> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://schema.org/alternateName> "GAVal" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://schema.org/alternateName> "GAVal"@nl-be <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://schema.org/comment> "comments: Should parent compound not be acrylamide? feedback_epi team: Yes assigning Acrylamide as parent compound seems correct to me. Because Acrylamide is the substance a human is exposed to, and we can measure GAVAL and AAVAL to reflect that exposure. GA‑Val (GAVAL) and AA‑Val (AAVAL) — are both well‑established biomarkers of exposure to acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide. These adducts form when the reactive compounds bind to the N‑terminal valine of hemoglobin. Core attribution - AAVAL (N‑(2‑carbamoylethyl)valine) reflects exposure to acrylamide, the parent compound. - GAVAL (N‑(2‑carbamoyl‑2‑hydroxyethyl)valine) reflects exposure to glycidamide, which is the epoxide metabolite formed when acrylamide is metabolized via CYP2E1. This relationship is well documented: acrylamide is converted to glycidamide, and both acrylamide and glycidamide form hemoglobin adducts that can be used to reconstruct exposure. source: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5696489/ Moreover, AA and GA react with plasma and other proteins, such as hemoglobin (Hb). Covalent binding to the N-terminal valine (Val) residue of Hb results in formation of N-(2-carbamoylethyl)valine (AAVal) and N-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine (GAVal) Hb adducts that can be specifically cleaved off and derivatized to serve as biomarkers for long-term exposure monitoring (Bergmark et al. 1993; EFSA 2015; Fennell et al. 2005)." <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "N-(2-Carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "N-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine"@nl-be <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <https://w3id.org/peh/terms/BioChemEntity> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <https://w3id.org/peh/terms/hasContextAlias> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/_b1> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <https://w3id.org/peh/terms/hasGroupLabel> "acrylamide" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <https://w3id.org/peh/terms/isMetaboliteOf> <https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAaPUxJ7c9O3NTj2VMFc257-nlOznX36OVxmj9XDMzu3k> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generatedAtTime> "2026-06-30T20:45:19.336381+02:00"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/provenance> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/assertion> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo> <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-0142> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/provenance> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/license> <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType> <https://w3id.org/peh/terms/BioChemEntity> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces> <https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "N-(2-Carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generatedAtTime> "2026-06-30T20:45:19.336381+02:00"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo> <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate> <https://w3id.org/np/RAhSlIuuw5YqmMoyyvmy5GL3qIhs7sp14i6x2y3DCOhXM> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/sig> <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm> "RSA" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/sig> <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey> "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQD3RHyHR7WWKBYevw1qK86B6RVzI7oKlvghqXvbpOAX1KueDE6Itru34HRhrVy4OMLCRQWBE3VXktKdbgOxD3vC4cIxz5LX+XOgGWzv5WKSjOfXu/yIeJrzsuIkyHvw7/tToGrE0itJ1wGylJv+YieizmGvNiUHhP0J0+YFMNnvewIDAQAB" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/sig> <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature> "4Et5HgzfuvjM8lBIEf8MG1niD8gpOaU1FWsldMdmJIyPjz/lXa6rgIwlgkQd7/D4Evwn2xWOxF47aqNM2DXmgqFyKR1IfUdrEZPsPUhu6+WFDKEb83XPw3GJXLOpeSVtXfz4fPb2dKtXlilRrMZwYAFul5bnFbc0iXJH1/gP/fw=" <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/sig> <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .
<https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/sig> <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy> <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097> <https://w3id.org/np/RAf42xgcvo7pEWA8e7bV9M7pzex5laoxORT0BG4pIx5M8/pubinfo> .