https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAefSrwmL8E7dyNSGFu7HhcpvzxpfmUlNIAVgtZv8lgzo/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded EltonTraits BirdFuncDat.txt and its Ecological Archives metadata. Plant proportion is (Diet-Fruit + Diet-Nect + Diet-Seed + Diet-PlantO) / 100, because those columns run from 0 to 100. Crooked-talon rows are IOCOrder in Accipitriformes, Falconiformes, Strigiformes or Cathartiformes, or BLFamilyLatin in the pre-registered families. A species is non-carnivorous when the plant proportion is at least 0.10. Of 521 scored species, 9 meet that threshold, so the pre-registered rule refutes. AnAge was opened and has no diet, trophic or food column, so it adds no codes. AVONET was not opened because EltonTraits resolved. No column records grain placed in the bill. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 9 crooked-talon species with plant-diet proportion >= 0.10 (n = 521, exact count on EltonTraits BirdFuncDat rows in the pre-registered orders and families). Interpretation: Crooked talons are the raptor orders named in the claim's scope (hawks, eagles, kites, vultures, owls), not merely a high beak-curvature score. Carnivorous means an animal diet. Omnivory and a plant proportion of 10 percent or more count as exceptions because the claim says without exception and says they cannot take grain. Insect-eating is carnivory. The forced placement of grain in the bill is a separate experiment and stays untested unless a table records it; the verdict then rests on diet, with that caveat. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha08-14: refutes, confidence 0.88 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha08-14/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets EltonTraits percent diet, AVONET trophic niche, or an AnAge diet column, restricted to the pre-registered raptor orders and families. Beak measurements are not a diet. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least one scored raptor is coded with a plant, seed, fruit, nectar or omnivore diet, or with plant proportion >= 0.10. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst AnAge has no diet column, so it was not used as a second coding. AVONET was not downloaded because EltonTraits resolved. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Cathartiformes does not appear as an IOCOrder in the scored rows. New World vultures in this file are not a separate order in the order counts above. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst EltonTraits diet percentages are literature compilations at species level, not a feeding trial. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Nine species have a plant proportion of at least 0.10. Gypohierax angolensis is 0.70 and is coded FruiNect. Six of the nine sit at exactly 0.10, which the pre-registered threshold counts as an exception. One exception is enough to refute. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The grain-in-the-bill experiment is untested. The verdict is the diet clause only. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Every scored raptor has a carnivore, scavenger or invertivore diet, and none has a plant proportion of 10 percent or more or a herbivore, granivore, frugivore or omnivore label. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Refutes if n_noncarnivore >= 1. If two admissible sources code the same species and either source codes it non-carnivorous, it counts as non-carnivorous. Mixed is not used for a single exception: the claim says without exception, so one non-carnivore refutes. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if no diet table is fetched. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if 0 < n_scored < 30 and n_noncarnivore == 0. Species with no diet code are excluded from the denominator, not treated as carnivores. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.88 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, every scored bird with crooked talons has an animal diet, and none has a seed, grain or other plant diet. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod n_noncarnivore / n_scored against a universal threshold of zero exceptions. Support requires n_scored >= 30 and zero exceptions. One exception refutes. The grain-in-the-bill clause is untested without a column that records it. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Crooked-talon birds are species in orders Accipitriformes, Falconiformes, Strigiformes or Cathartiformes, or, if order is absent, families Accipitridae, Falconidae, Pandionidae, Sagittariidae, Cathartidae, Strigidae or Tytonidae. Diet sources, in order: (1) EltonTraits percent diet if the figshare deposit named by the assessment resolves to a table with a plant or seed column; a species is non-carnivorous if the plant proportion is >= 0.10. (2) AVONET trophic niche if EltonTraits does not resolve; a niche string is non-carnivorous if it matches herbiv, frugiv, graniv, nectar, plant, seed or omniv, and carnivorous if it matches carniv, scaveng, invert, vert, pisciv or insect. (3) AnAge, only if a downloaded diet column is non-empty for these species; the same keyword rule applies. The bill-placement experiment is scored only if a column records forced swallowing of grain; otherwise that clause is untested. Supports if n_scored >= 30 and n_noncarnivore == 0. Denominator n_scored is the number of crooked-talon species with a diet code. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha08-14 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description percent diet of fruit, nectar, seed and other plant matter for birds https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license not stated in metadata.htm https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: EltonTraits 1.0 BirdFuncDat.txt https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/5631081 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/5631093 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:97216eb1797da077169ebb1ebea275db293b09fc62f8bb8911f9beb98c50d321 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:be3425118c2087a2795dff699d8264cbbc1b0c65fdbb93f0a7533b2d4ea54962 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-14--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description checked for a diet column; 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