https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py solves the journal challenge, downloads the Nexus PDF, and reads Table 1 with pdftotext -layout. Female skulls scored are sagittal 114, coronal 114, lambdoid 112. Male skulls scored are 162, 150 and 147. The word circular occurs 0 times. A single circular suture is not stated as the female pattern, and the text does not say three sutures meet at a point. RJME sex-not-determined phrase present: True. It is checksummed and does not enter the verdict. Both sexes scored on all three sutures, with at least 20 women on each, and no female circular-suture pattern, is the pre-registered refutation. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 112 female skulls scored on the vault suture with the smallest female sample (n = 259, n is the smallest suture sample, not the sum of the three sutures, because the same skull can be scored more than once). Interpretation: The quote is: 'The skull has sutures: one, of circular form, in the case of women; in the case of men, as a general rule, three meeting at a point.' The three sutures of human anatomy used as the contrast are the coronal, sagittal and lambdoid sutures. A metopic suture is not the woman's one circular suture unless the source calls it that. Sex is the documented sex of the skull, not a guess from size. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha01-13: refutes, confidence 0.78 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha01-13/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Checksummed papers that record human calvarial sutures on skulls of known sex. Planned files: the Nexus student-journal article at https://doi.org/10.15173/nexus.v22i1.11 (Hamann-Todd cranial sutures by sex) and the Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology PDF https://rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/52131110971100.pdf. If the second file has no sex column it does not enter the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Female skulls are scored on three separate vault sutures, coronal and sagittal and lambdoid, with at least twenty women on each, and no single circular suture is reported as the female pattern. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Meeting at a point is not reported, so the male clause is not a separate pass. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Suture closure scores are not a count of how many sutures exist. The table shows the three named sutures were present to be scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The Nexus PDF text layer states no licence. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The RJME series has no sex and does not enter the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The refutation is the absence of a reported one-circular-suture female pattern in a series that scores three vault sutures in women. It is not a direct count of skulls with one circular suture. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation At least four in five female skulls have a single circular suture, and at least four in five male skulls have three sutures meeting at a point, in a series of at least twenty of each sex. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if both sexes are scored on the same three vault sutures (coronal, sagittal and lambdoid), with at least 20 female skulls scored on each of those three sutures, and the source does not report a single circular suture as the female pattern. That pattern is three sutures in women, which contradicts one circular suture. Also refutes if a direct count shows under 50 percent of women with exactly one circular suture, with n_female at least 20. Mixed if women lack the single circular suture but men also lack three sutures meeting at a point in at least half the male sample. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if the fetched files do not stratify a suture count or a three-suture score by sex. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.78 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, adult female human skulls have one circular suture and adult male human skulls, as a rule, have three sutures meeting at a point. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Parse sex-specific sample sizes for coronal, sagittal and lambdoid scores, and any explicit count of skulls with one circular suture. The 80 percent rule and the floor of 20 are fixed. A file without sex is ignored rather than pooled. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered before the osteological files were downloaded. A skull series of known sex passes only if at least 80 percent of female skulls are recorded as having exactly one circular calvarial suture, at least 80 percent of male skulls are recorded as having three sutures meeting at one point, and both sexes have n at least 20. 'As a rule' is that 80 percent. Meeting at a point means the source says the three sutures meet, not merely that three sutures exist. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha01-13 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description sex-specific counts of sagittal, coronal and lambdoid sutures https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license not stated in the PDF text layer https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Impact of sex and ancestry on cranial suture closure, Hamann-Todd series https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://journals.mcmaster.ca/nexus/article/download/11/868 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://doi.org/10.15173/nexus.v22i1.11 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:244f3aec7e153ef54b3ae0ad92e48f9f454d359a9aae945a36f17cbff5111134 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description excluded: the text says sex was not determined https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license not stated in the PDF text layer https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Morphology of coronal, sagittal and lambdoid sutures in Indian human adult skulls https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/52131110971100.pdf https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/52131110971100.pdf https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-13--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:7155feac5e6a3747ad0e3066a27e0dffd16528f66180fdca7ca0c6be99beade6 https://w3id.org/np/RAdw9Seaml8CDX0EpIUwo7Txsyg3TyOmndD6lZdoYX1qg/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; 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