https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAcy142gyBsYv52qLuroO1rthSTlsyBu8ftiY1Jrrjcb4/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py downloads the four SeaLifeBase parquet tables, joins species to species_hierarchy on FamCode, and keeps the pre-registered classes plus barnacle orders. For each in-scope species it concatenates letter-bearing values from mode columns in reproduc and larvae (column name contains repro, fertil, spawn, larva, egg, or guild, and not ref, author, date, or remark). A species is spontaneous if that text matches spontaneous, abiogenesis, putref, or 'from mud'; otherwise it is parental. share_parental is n_parental / n_scored. Counts are written to derived/measured.json, derived/by_class.csv, derived/fouling.csv, and derived/mode_values.csv. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 1 share of scored testacean species with a parental reproductive mode (n = 14297). Interpretation: Aristotle's testaceans (ostrakoderma) are mapped to shelled molluscs — bivalves, gastropods, chitons, scaphopods, and monoplacophorans — plus barnacles, which the claim scope includes and which he grouped with hard-shelled animals. Cephalopods are excluded because he treated them separately as malakia. 'Formed spontaneously' and the boat-mud example are read as origin without parents, not as larval settlement from adults. A recorded egg, spawn, fertilization, sexual system, or larval stage is parental reproduction. A fouling-genus subset (Mytilus, Crassostrea, Ostrea, Magallana, Balanus, Amphibalanus, Semibalanus, Chthamalus, Crepidula, Dreissena, Perna, Saccostrea) is reported because the quote uses animals on boat sides as the illustration; it does not enter the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga03-27: refutes, confidence 0.92 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga03-27/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public, versioned life-history table of marine invertebrates that records reproductive mode or larval development for named species, with a taxonomy that can place those species in the classes above, independent of Aristotle's text. Licence must allow research reuse. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least half of the scored species have a recorded parental reproductive mode (eggs, larvae, spawning, fertilization, or a sexual system), so they are not formed spontaneously. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst 14,297 of 28,644 in-scope species are scored, and all 14,297 are parental (share_parental = 1.0, above the 0.50 refute line). The other 14,347 have no letter-bearing mode field. A blank is not a record of origin from mud. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Barnacles entered as class Thecostraca (989 in scope, 664 scored). Cirripedia and Hexanauplia were not class names in this snapshot. Cephalopods were excluded as pre-registered. SeaLifeBase is denser for fished and fouling species than for the whole fauna, and the snapshot is CC-BY-NC-4.0. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Five species are scored only because larvae.LarvalArea holds a place name. Dropping them leaves the 14,292 species with reproduc text, still all parental. Excluding Gastropoda leaves 6,480/6,480 parental. Excluding shell-less gastropod orders leaves 14,295/14,295. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Of 199 in-scope species in the pre-registered fouling genera, 112 are scored and all 112 are parental. Crepidula (46 species) has no scored mode in this snapshot. Animals on boat sides are the quote's illustration; the verdict is the universal, not that subset. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The reproduc values that score species are dioecism (12,749 species), protandry (34), true hermaphroditism (2), parthenogenesis (1), external fertilization (6,380), internal fertilization (7,880), plus smaller guild and spawning-season fields. None of the scored text matched spontaneous generation, abiogenesis, putrefaction, or arising from mud. The table has no controlled term for spontaneous generation, so the refute is the positive parental records. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Among shelled molluscs and barnacles with a recorded reproductive mode, at most 5% are recorded as reproducing from parents by eggs, larvae, or sexual spawning, and the rest are recorded as arising without parents. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. REFUTES if n_scored >= 30 and share_parental >= 0.50. MIXED if n_scored >= 30 and 0.05 < share_parental < 0.50. INCONCLUSIVE, reason underpowered, if the tables are retrieved but n_scored < 30. INCONCLUSIVE, reason data-unavailable, if the SeaLifeBase tables cannot be retrieved. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.92 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If every testacean arises spontaneously from putrefying mud, then testacean species that have a recorded reproductive mode are recorded as arising without parents, and are not recorded as reproducing by eggs, larvae, or sexual spawning. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod One row per species. Denominator is species with a non-empty letter-bearing reproductive-mode or larval-mode field. Numerator is those whose text records a parental mode rather than spontaneous generation, abiogenesis, or putrefaction. Thresholds: support at share_parental <= 0.05 with n_scored >= 30; refute at share_parental >= 0.50 with n_scored >= 30; mixed in between; underpowered below 30 scored species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Score each in-scope species once. A species is in scope when its class is Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda, Monoplacophora, Thecostraca, Cirripedia, or Hexanauplia, or when its order is a barnacle order (name contains Cirripedia, Sessilia, Pedunculata, Balanomorpha, Lepadomorpha, Thoracica, Kentrogonida, or Rhizocephala). Class Cephalopoda is always out of scope. A species is scored when the SeaLifeBase reproduc or larvae tables contain a non-empty letter-bearing value in a reproductive-mode field (column name contains repro, fertil, spawn, larva, egg, or guild, and does not contain ref, author, date, or remark). Scored species are parental if that text does not match spontaneous generation, abiogenesis, or putrefaction, because those fields record a parental mode (dioecy, hermaphroditism, eggs, spawning, fertilization, or a larval stage). They are spontaneous only if the text matches spontaneous, abiogenesis, putref, or arising from mud. share_parental = n_parental / n_scored, with n_scored = n_parental + n_spontaneous. 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