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SquamBase Limbs values were mapped with the pre-registered codebook: a leading integer is that count, limbless is 0, forelimbs-only or hindlimbs-only is 2, and reduced or four well-developed limbs is 4. Arthropod rows with Leg count greater than 4 were checked for a vertebrate class or order from the pre-registered list." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 0 counterexamples (squamate limb counts outside {0, 2, 4}, plus many-legged specimens coded vertebrate) (n = 11744, category strings mapped with the pre-registered codebook; leading integer wins when the cell starts with a digit). Interpretation: Scope maps 'blooded' to vertebrates and 'bloodless' to invertebrates. 'Feet' are paired locomotory limbs or walking legs, not digits. SquamBase categories follow Meiri's codebook: a numeric cell is that count; 'limbless' or 'absent' or 'none' maps to 0; 'forelimb only', 'hindlimb only', 'front only', 'hind only' or 'one pair' maps to 2; 'fully limbed', 'four', 'both pairs' or 'reduced' (short limbs, not an extra pair) maps to 4. A tiny vestige that the dataset itself calls limbless stays 0. Digit counts are ignored. Vertebrate coding in the arthropod file is a taxonomic field containing Vertebrata, Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Actinopterygii, Chondrichthyes, or an order in {Primates, Carnivora, Rodentia, Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Chiroptera, Squamata, Testudines, Crocodylia, Anura, Caudata, Gymnophiona, Perciformes, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Salmoniformes, Squaliformes, Rajiformes}." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha01-08: supports, confidence 0.78" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha01-08/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "Species- or specimen-level public tables that state a limb or walking-leg count and a taxon name, assembled independently of this claim, with a licence that permits download. The squamate table must cover snakes and lizards, not a single genus. The many-legged table must state walking-leg counts rather than a presence/absence of limbs." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "A squamate with a limb count other than 0, 2 or 4, or a vertebrate specimen with more than four walking legs." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "Mammals, birds, amphibians and fishes are not in these two files. The pre-registration treats that absence as coverage, not as a failure." }, { "@value": "SquamBase 'reduced' is mapped to 4 because the codebook says reduced means short limbs, not an extra pair. Digit counts are not a separate column in this file." }, { "@value": "The arthropod table is a comparative specimen sample, not a census of arthropods." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "Every coded squamate has 0, 2 or 4 limbs, and every arthropod specimen with more than four walking legs is non-vertebrate." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Any mapped squamate limb count is outside {0, 2, 4}, or any specimen with more than four walking legs is coded as a vertebrate. If either file cannot be retrieved, or fewer than 5000 squamates map, or fewer than 30 many-legged arthropod specimens are present, and no counterexample has already been found, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable or underpowered as appropriate. Unmapped limb strings that are more than 1% of SquamBase rows and that do not themselves state a count outside {0, 2, 4} make the verdict inconclusive with reason other, unless a mapped counterexample is already present, in which case the verdict is refutes." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.78", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-08--claim-test--dataset-1" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-08--claim-test--dataset-2" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "supports" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "If every animal with more than four feet is bloodless, and every blooded animal has no feet, two feet or four feet, then squamates (blooded) have only 0, 2 or 4 limbs and every arthropod specimen with more than four walking legs is outside the vertebrates." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Map each row to a limb count with the codebook above. A universal is refuted by one counterexample. A pass requires both sample-size floors and zero counterexamples. No phylogenetic model." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Both of the following. (1) In SquamBase, at least 5000 species have a limb count mapped to a number, and none of those counts is outside {0, 2, 4}. (2) In the arthropod feet dataset, at least 30 specimens have a walking-leg count strictly greater than 4, and none of those specimens is coded in a vertebrate class, phylum or order. Mammals, birds, amphibians and fishes are outside these two files and do not have to be present for a pass; their absence is a coverage caveat, not a fail." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-08--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "limb category for each squamate species" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: SquamBase 1.0 – a dataset of squamate species traits" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://datadryad.org/downloads/file_stream/2884612" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t3b" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:e850eb807240e1012d0af3e5f2c33a84dab406d50e86a8e3dc591f51a64912af" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha01-08--claim-test--dataset-2", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "walking-leg count and taxonomic class or order for each specimen" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Data from: Which arthropods have feet and why? Addressing an argument for aquatic fossil scorpions" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://datadryad.org/downloads/file_stream/4221035" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.98sf7m0tk" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:0ca5307235e1ce60306fa2d3fd6535bdb011f2b08f172b6eb52fddf2edfa110c" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha01-08", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha01-08--claim-test" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAcDv3OGDnbQyJnrcqPnFiyAwrfnSgruNPQCjHVOj9wHk/provenance", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-biology-tests-4186)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier": [ { "@value": "Grok 4.7" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel" ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAcDv3OGDnbQyJnrcqPnFiyAwrfnSgruNPQCjHVOj9wHk/assertion", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha01-08/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAcDv3OGDnbQyJnrcqPnFiyAwrfnSgruNPQCjHVOj9wHk/test" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAcDv3OGDnbQyJnrcqPnFiyAwrfnSgruNPQCjHVOj9wHk/test", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAcDv3OGDnbQyJnrcqPnFiyAwrfnSgruNPQCjHVOj9wHk/plan" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAcDv3OGDnbQyJnrcqPnFiyAwrfnSgruNPQCjHVOj9wHk/plan", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md" } ] } ] } ]