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"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAbvM4sniNMYD0IPIZI1cmNph7IAXXGDnRHquur5gdYqo/assertion", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-37--claim-test", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Fetched the three pre-registered pages, stripped HTML, and scored each as affirm, deny, or silent with the character windows fixed in pass_criterion. Labels: Snorkel=affirm, Loxodonta=silent, Elephas=silent." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 1 pages scored affirm for trunk-snorkel breathing (n = 3). Interpretation: Aristotle's 'lengthened nostril' is the trunk, and 'whenever they have to traverse the water, they lift this up above the surface and breathe through it' is the behavior. The claim is a generalization about elephants, not a rate. It is supported by a documented behavior in Elephantidae and is not a claim that every crossing uses the trunk or that the trunk evolved for this purpose. The comparison to a diver's instrument is not tested." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-pa02-37: mixed, confidence 0.7" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa02-37/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "Public pages that describe elephant behavior in the author's words, retrievable without a login, and independent of Aristotle's text. Video platforms and photograph libraries that would require scoring images by eye are not admissible. Scope is Elephantidae; a record for either living species counts, and a denial for one species against an affirmation for the other is a split." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "A stated denial that elephants use the trunk this way, on the Snorkel entry or on both species accounts." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "Keyword windows can miss a paraphrase or fire on an unrelated nearby sentence. The windows are fixed here and are not retuned after the pages are read." }, { "@value": "The ElephantVoices ethogram documents African savanna elephants. An Asian-elephant denial against an African affirmation is mixed, not a pass." }, { "@value": "This file was committed before any of the three pages were downloaded or read for this test." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "At least the ElephantVoices Snorkel entry and one species account state that elephants breathe through the trunk while it is held above the water." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered. Refuted if the Snorkel page denies, or if both Animal Diversity Web accounts deny. Mixed if the pages split (one affirms and another denies) or if the Snorkel page affirms while both Animal Diversity Web accounts are silent. Inconclusive with reason data-unavailable if the Snorkel page does not return HTTP 200, or if all three pages are silent. The diver's-instrument comparison is an analogy and is not scored." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.7", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-37--claim-test--dataset-1" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-37--claim-test--dataset-2" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-37--claim-test--dataset-3" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "mixed" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "If the claim holds, public behavior records of elephants state that an elephant crossing or swimming in water raises the trunk above the surface and breathes through it." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Each page is scored affirm, deny, or silent by the character-window rules in pass_criterion. Support requires the ethogram page to affirm, at least one species account to affirm, and no denial. No assessment score is used." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered. Fetch the three admissible pages below and score each text, after HTML is stripped, as affirm, deny, or silent. Affirm if a case-insensitive match of 'snorkel' occurs, or if 'trunk' occurs within 80 characters of a breath word (breath, breathe, breathing, respire, respiration) and within 80 characters of a water word (water, swim, swimming, surface). Deny if 'do not', 'does not', 'don't', or 'never' occurs within 80 characters of 'snorkel', or if 'without' occurs within 40 characters of 'trunk' and a breath word is also within 80 characters. Silent otherwise. A page that both affirms and denies is deny. The claim is supported only if the ElephantVoices Snorkel page affirms, at least one of the two Animal Diversity Web accounts affirms, and no page denies." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-37--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "catalogued behavior of Loxodonta africana while swimming or in deep water" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: ElephantVoices Elephant Ethogram, behavior Snorkel" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://www.elephantvoices.org/the-elephant-ethogram/snorkel" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://www.elephantvoices.org/the-elephant-ethogram/snorkel" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:a9d11e9f5f3f1c30e00c46457afe31efecad3bac7d81cea0f771e621094d1f76" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-37--claim-test--dataset-2", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "species account for the African elephant" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Animal Diversity Web account of Loxodonta africana" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Loxodonta_africana/" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Loxodonta_africana/" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:df01a1ad811f6572ff400aebe115d3ad4ed898dc2ac95340639daaeb770fa6f9" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-37--claim-test--dataset-3", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "species account for the Asian elephant" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Animal Diversity Web account of Elephas maximus" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Elephas_maximus/" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Elephas_maximus/" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:b17e1baf34dead40e8281b23260d301df05a5289d26e10b5eb62a5c80b7d5639" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa02-37", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-37--claim-test" } ] } ] } ]