https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAbjOf4pWOSLmua19g_bmcAQqL_1t1G-v2Upf8K9TmGeo/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded Human Protein Atlas normal_ihc_data.tsv.zip (version 25.1) and the standard cell-type codebook, and checked both SHA-256 values. Brain tissues are those with Organ = Brain in the codebook, minus pituitary, choroid plexus, meninges and spinal cord. Rows for the three pre-registered Ensembl genes were kept when the cell type contained 'endothelial' and reliability was Enhanced, Supported or Approved. Any Low, Medium or High level refutes the universal; Not detected does not support it. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 3 endothelial marker genes detected inside a brain tissue, of 3 (n = 3, PECAM1=Medium; VWF=High; CD34=High). Interpretation: The sentence says two things: the brain itself has no blood, and no vein, large or small, runs inside it; veins stop in the membrane around the brain. The test uses the second clause. Endothelial proteins (PECAM1/CD31, von Willebrand factor, CD34) mark the vessel wall. Staining of endothelial cells in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus or another parenchymal brain tissue is a vein or capillary inside the brain, which the sentence denies. Staining limited to meninges or choroid plexus would not count. The dataset is human immunohistochemistry, so a positive result refutes 'in all animals' by a human counterexample, and a negative result does not show that every animal brain lacks vessels. Blood volume and flowing blood are not in the table; the measurement is the vessel wall. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha03-09: refutes, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha03-09/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public, versioned table of protein staining in normal human tissues that names the tissue, the cell type and an expression level, with a licence that allows reuse. The cell type must be endothelial cells so the stain is of the vessel wall rather than of neurons. Meninges, choroid plexus, pituitary and spinal cord are out of scope because the claim allows vessels in the membrane around the brain and is about the brain itself. The table must not be Aristotle's text. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least one reliable row reports Low, Medium or High staining of one of those three vessel-wall proteins in endothelial cells inside a brain tissue that is not pituitary, choroid plexus, meninges or spinal cord. One such row is a vessel inside the brain and refutes the universal. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A human counterexample can refute a claim about all animals. It cannot, by itself, prove the same anatomy in every other animal. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Criteria were written before normal_ihc_data.tsv.zip was downloaded and before any Level for these genes was read. Ensembl ids were checked with the lookup service only (symbol, id, biotype, description). https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The Atlas codebook lists endothelial cells as an annotated cell type in cerebral cortex. That listing is the sampling frame, not the staining result, and it is not used as a measurement. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The standard codebook annotates endothelial cells for the brain only in the cerebral cortex. Cerebellum, caudate and hippocampus are in the codebook but have no endothelial row. Staining of glial cells, neurons, neuropil and Purkinje cells for these three genes is Not detected and is not used as the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation No reliable immunohistochemistry row for PECAM1, VWF or CD34 reports detectable staining in endothelial cells of a parenchymal human brain tissue. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered (claim refuted). Among rows in normal_ihc_data.tsv whose Gene is ENSG00000261371 (PECAM1), ENSG00000110799 (VWF) or ENSG00000174059 (CD34), whose Tissue is a brain tissue in the Atlas cell-type codebook other than pituitary, choroid plexus, meninges, pia, dura, arachnoid or spinal cord, whose Cell type contains the substring endothelial (case-insensitive), and whose Reliability is Enhanced, Supported or Approved: the claim is refuted if at least one such row has Level Low, Medium or High. Not detected does not refute. Reliability Uncertain does not count. If the zip cannot be downloaded, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. If the file downloads but no endothelial row in an included brain tissue exists for any of the three genes, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. If every counted row is Not detected, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered, not supports. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, brain tissue itself contains no blood vessels: endothelial-cell rows in parenchymal brain tissues of the Human Protein Atlas immunohistochemistry table are Not detected for the vessel-wall markers PECAM1, VWF and CD34. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod A universal negative is refuted by one in-scope counterexample and is not confirmed by a negative stain in a single species. Counted rows are the three pre-registered Ensembl genes, endothelial cell types, included brain tissues, and reliability Enhanced, Supported or Approved. Any counted Level in {Low, Medium, High} yields refutes. Otherwise the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered, or data-unavailable if the file cannot be fetched. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-09--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. This dataset cannot support the claim. The claim is a universal negative (in all animals the brain is bloodless and no vein runs within it). A Not detected result in human tissue does not establish that universal, so Not detected is not a pass. 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