@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix np: <http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#> .
@prefix npx: <http://purl.org/nanopub/x/> .
@prefix ns1: <https://w3id.org/peh/terms/> .
@prefix ns2: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix ntemplate: <https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/> .
@prefix orcid: <https://orcid.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix sub: <https://w3id.org/np/RAb_TM4fy-xWbn0RL5RY-nSNWDJmFaGeQiaYFxbeS5Y2M/> .
@prefix this: <https://w3id.org/np/RAb_TM4fy-xWbn0RL5RY-nSNWDJmFaGeQiaYFxbeS5Y2M> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

sub:Head {
  this: a np:Nanopublication;
    np:hasAssertion sub:assertion;
    np:hasProvenance sub:provenance;
    np:hasPublicationInfo sub:pubinfo .
}

sub:assertion {
  sub:_b1 a ns1:ContextAlias;
    ns2:alternateName "aaval";
    ns2:identifier "short_name";
    ns1:hasContext <https://ror.org/04gq0w522> .
  
  <https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAb_TM4fy-xWbn0RL5RY-nSNWDJmFaGeQiaYFxbeS5Y2M>
    a owl:Class;
    dcterms:isPartOf <https://w3id.org/spaces/biochementity/r/vocabulary>;
    ns2:alternateName "AAVal", "AAVal"@nl-be;
    ns2:comment "comments: Should parent compound not be acrylamide? INCHIKEY Does not seem to correspond to the correct compound Pubchem link to AAVal: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/341427830  vs Pubchem link to related compound with INCHI key specified here: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/N-_3-Amino-3-oxopropyl_-L-valine  --> chemical structure is not the same so I don't know if these are the same compounds? feedback_epi team: Yes assigning Acrylamide as parent compound seems correct to me. Because Acrylamide is the substance a human is exposed to, and we can measure GAVAL and AAVAL to reflect that exposure. GA‑Val (GAVAL) and AA‑Val (AAVAL) — are both well‑established biomarkers of exposure to acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide. These adducts form when the reactive compounds bind to the N‑terminal valine of hemoglobin. Core attribution - AAVAL (N‑(2‑carbamoylethyl)valine) reflects exposure to acrylamide, the parent compound. - GAVAL (N‑(2‑carbamoyl‑2‑hydroxyethyl)valine) reflects exposure to glycidamide, which is the epoxide metabolite formed when acrylamide is metabolized via CYP2E1. This relationship is well documented: acrylamide is converted to glycidamide, and both acrylamide and glycidamide form hemoglobin adducts that can be used to reconstruct exposure. source: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5696489/ Moreover, AA and GA react with plasma and other proteins, such as hemoglobin (Hb). Covalent binding to the N-terminal valine (Val) residue of Hb results in formation of N-(2-carbamoylethyl)valine (AAVal) and N-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine (GAVal) Hb adducts that can be specifically cleaved off and derivatized to serve as biomarkers for long-term exposure monitoring (Bergmark et al. 1993; EFSA 2015; Fennell et al. 2005).";
    rdfs:label "N-(2-Carbamoylethyl)valine", "N-(2-Carbamoylethyl)valine"@nl-be;
    rdfs:subClassOf ns1:BioChemEntity;
    skos:exactMatch <https://identifiers.org/inchikey:BZEVQVJZLREGPF-ZETCQYMHSA-N>;
    ns1:hasContextAlias sub:_b1;
    ns1:hasGroupLabel "acrylamide";
    ns1:isMetaboliteOf <https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAaPUxJ7c9O3NTj2VMFc257-nlOznX36OVxmj9XDMzu3k> .
}

sub:provenance {
  sub:assertion prov:generatedAtTime "2026-06-30T20:44:32.879453+02:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
    prov:wasAttributedTo orcid:0000-0001-8327-0142 .
}

sub:pubinfo {
  this: dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>;
    npx:hasNanopubType ns1:BioChemEntity;
    npx:introduces <https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAb_TM4fy-xWbn0RL5RY-nSNWDJmFaGeQiaYFxbeS5Y2M>;
    rdfs:label "N-(2-Carbamoylethyl)valine";
    prov:generatedAtTime "2026-06-30T20:44:32.879453+02:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
    prov:wasAttributedTo orcid:0000-0002-1825-0097;
    ntemplate:wasCreatedFromTemplate <https://w3id.org/np/RAhSlIuuw5YqmMoyyvmy5GL3qIhs7sp14i6x2y3DCOhXM> .
  
  sub:sig npx:hasAlgorithm "RSA";
    npx:hasPublicKey "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQD3RHyHR7WWKBYevw1qK86B6RVzI7oKlvghqXvbpOAX1KueDE6Itru34HRhrVy4OMLCRQWBE3VXktKdbgOxD3vC4cIxz5LX+XOgGWzv5WKSjOfXu/yIeJrzsuIkyHvw7/tToGrE0itJ1wGylJv+YieizmGvNiUHhP0J0+YFMNnvewIDAQAB";
    npx:hasSignature "eojsQhr/esDw1B1hMCaI81mGj+lgXvpVXfKbn2Z5HYlaMketa3rJ8vgmXik/5qRE0EpNvUG9hc34k+j9P1ekJC+0bKhiFRNLtcGFcDv7AHn3dyYDZnmKxbRnbFpVy91+BGWgvBOyKSWVrjwYlhOfDja+pPaUTVmhXnVQWSn5aPc=";
    npx:hasSignatureTarget this:;
    npx:signedBy orcid:0000-0002-1825-0097 .
}