https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the PMC XML for the rabbit CT anatomy paper and the Syrian hamster radiography paper. Looked for a count of individuals in which the right kidney is more cranial than the left. The rabbit paper states a group range for 10 rabbits and says the right kidney is placed cranially to the left. The hamster paper gives vertebral spans for 29 hamsters and does not give that proportion. Neither paper is a scored species under the floor of 20 individuals with a paired proportion. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0 papers that state how many individuals have the right kidney more cranial than the left, with n at least 20 (n = 2). Interpretation: The quote is: In all animals that have kidneys, that on the right is placed higher than that on the left. Animals without kidneys are outside the claim. Higher is the cranial direction in a standing or prone anatomical position. The denominator is the individuals in the fetched table, and one species in which the right kidney is usually the lower one is enough to refute a claim about all animals that have kidneys. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa03-24: inconclusive, confidence 0.78 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa03-24/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public table of individuals, or of a species with a stated count, giving a craniocaudal position for the right kidney and for the left kidney. Kidney mass, kidney count, and pictures without coordinates are not admissible. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind none https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation In a scored species, fewer than half of the individuals have the right kidney more cranial than the left. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The denominator searched is these two open papers, not every animal with kidneys. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The hamster paper, 29 animals, records vertebral spans that both kidneys can share. It does not count animals in which the right kidney is the more cranial of the pair. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The rabbit paper, 10 animals, says the right kidney lies cranial to the left and gives group vertebral ranges. Ten is below the floor of 20, and the paper does not count how many of the 10 follow that pattern. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In every scored species, at least 95 percent of individuals have the right kidney more cranial than the left. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Refute the universal wording if any scored species has the right kidney more cranial than the left in under half of its individuals. Mixed if at least two species are scored and they disagree, or if the only proportions that can be scored lie from 0.50 up to but not including 0.95. One species that meets the support bar, with no second species, is inconclusive with reason underpowered. No paired craniocaudal measure is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A mention of a kidney in a title is not a position. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.78 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis In animals that have kidneys, the right kidney sits higher, meaning more cranial, than the left. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Within each species, the proportion of individuals whose right kidney is more cranial. The species floor is 20. Two species at or above 0.95 support. One species under 0.50 refutes the universal claim. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Supports only if at least two species are scored and, in every scored species, the right kidney is more cranial than the left in at least 95 percent of individuals. A species is scored only with at least 20 individuals and a paired craniocaudal measure, such as vertebral level or a cranial-caudal coordinate of the hilum or the cranial pole. Higher means more cranial, not a larger kidney. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa03-24 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description check whether either paper states a per-animal proportion with n at least 20 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license PMC full text as served by NCBI efetch https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Open papers on rabbit and Syrian-hamster kidney position https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pmc&id=13163095&retmode=xml https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pmc&id=13313858&retmode=xml https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313858/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:355d9240cb0cd26e5a608c18e3502194683e56f0d2cb26622f88f5e3d7e012c9 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:a689e3e1e3bb21b134e07247f890ba9bf4078d9ab6b6c8cb700a188d4f9448c0 https://w3id.org/np/RAasDfmKoDEOmmQUqbwCkoAPEweCBs-1mpFXFKCiLKoV4/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; 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