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Looked for a count of individuals in which the right kidney is more cranial than the left. The rabbit paper states a group range for 10 rabbits and says the right kidney is placed cranially to the left. The hamster paper gives vertebral spans for 29 hamsters and does not give that proportion. Neither paper is a scored species under the floor of 20 individuals with a paired proportion." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 0 papers that state how many individuals have the right kidney more cranial than the left, with n at least 20 (n = 2). Interpretation: The quote is: In all animals that have kidneys, that on the right is placed higher than that on the left. Animals without kidneys are outside the claim. Higher is the cranial direction in a standing or prone anatomical position. The denominator is the individuals in the fetched table, and one species in which the right kidney is usually the lower one is enough to refute a claim about all animals that have kidneys." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-pa03-24: inconclusive, confidence 0.78" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa03-24/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "A public table of individuals, or of a species with a stated count, giving a craniocaudal position for the right kidney and for the left kidney. Kidney mass, kidney count, and pictures without coordinates are not admissible." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "none" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "In a scored species, fewer than half of the individuals have the right kidney more cranial than the left." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "The denominator searched is these two open papers, not every animal with kidneys." }, { "@value": "The hamster paper, 29 animals, records vertebral spans that both kidneys can share. It does not count animals in which the right kidney is the more cranial of the pair." }, { "@value": "The rabbit paper, 10 animals, says the right kidney lies cranial to the left and gives group vertebral ranges. Ten is below the floor of 20, and the paper does not count how many of the 10 follow that pattern." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "In every scored species, at least 95 percent of individuals have the right kidney more cranial than the left." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Refute the universal wording if any scored species has the right kidney more cranial than the left in under half of its individuals. Mixed if at least two species are scored and they disagree, or if the only proportions that can be scored lie from 0.50 up to but not including 0.95. One species that meets the support bar, with no second species, is inconclusive with reason underpowered. No paired craniocaudal measure is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A mention of a kidney in a title is not a position." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.78", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "inconclusive" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "In animals that have kidneys, the right kidney sits higher, meaning more cranial, than the left." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Within each species, the proportion of individuals whose right kidney is more cranial. The species floor is 20. Two species at or above 0.95 support. One species under 0.50 refutes the universal claim." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Supports only if at least two species are scored and, in every scored species, the right kidney is more cranial than the left in at least 95 percent of individuals. A species is scored only with at least 20 individuals and a paired craniocaudal measure, such as vertebral level or a cranial-caudal coordinate of the hilum or the cranial pole. Higher means more cranial, not a larger kidney." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "check whether either paper states a per-animal proportion with n at least 20" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "PMC full text as served by NCBI efetch" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Open papers on rabbit and Syrian-hamster kidney position" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pmc&id=13163095&retmode=xml" }, { "@id": "https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pmc&id=13313858&retmode=xml" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313858/" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:355d9240cb0cd26e5a608c18e3502194683e56f0d2cb26622f88f5e3d7e012c9" }, { "@value": "sha256:a689e3e1e3bb21b134e07247f890ba9bf4078d9ab6b6c8cb700a188d4f9448c0" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa03-24", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa03-24--claim-test" } ] } ] } ]