https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA_r_VHkLQmjS6WFI_NJJSMDhv77R7XQlMQ_QF0EMD0iQ/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The Europe PMC XML was split into sentences. A species was counted only when a binomial shared a sentence with gonochorism or hermaphroditism and that sentence did not name both systems. No binomial met that rule. Words such as oysters were not treated as species. The sessile clause was not scored because no barnacle, coral, sponge or sea squirt was assigned. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: null fraction of named species assigned gonochorism (n = 0, sessile species assigned: 0). Interpretation: The History of Animals sentence says animals confined to one spot have no duality of sex, and that no testacean does either. Testaceans in that book are shelled molluscs and animals such as sea-urchins. Duality of sex means separate males and females, not an absence of reproduction. A hermaphrodite fits the sentence. A gonochoric bivalve does not. Attached bivalves are not counted as the sessile clause unless the paper says they are attached. The denominator is species the paper itself assigns, not an unnamed remainder of the phylum. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha04-27: inconclusive, confidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha04-27/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A checksummed paper that assigns gonochorism or hermaphroditism to named species of bivalves, gastropods, echinoids, or sessile animals. A single-species methods paper is admissible only as one row. FishBase is not a molluscan sexual-system table. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind none https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation At least half of the testacean species the paper assigns are gonochoric. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A group-level remark that some oysters are gonochoric would bear on 'no testacean has separate sexes', and it was not converted into a fraction. The verdict is not-operationalizable rather than a counted refutation. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Sessile animals were not assigned a sexual system in this file. No second dataset was fetched. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The paper says bivalves run from strict gonochorism to hermaphroditism, and that oysters include a strictly gonochoric population as well as hermaphrodites. Those sentences name no species, so the pre-registered denominator is empty. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Fewer than one in ten assigned testacean species are gonochoric, and the same is true of assigned sessile species, with at least ten species in each set. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion A clause refutes if its n >= 10 and its gonochoric fraction is at least 0.50. It is intermediate if n >= 10 and the fraction is at least 0.10 and below 0.50. Refutes if the testacean clause refutes, because the sentence says no testacean has duality of sex. Mixed if the testacean clause is intermediate, or if one clause passes and the other refutes. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if the testacean clause passes and the sessile clause has n_s < 10, or if 0 < n_t < 10. Inconclusive, reason not-operationalizable, if the paper names no species with an assigned sexual system. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if the paper cannot be fetched. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.8 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis Animals fixed in one place have no separate sexes, and neither does any testacean. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Gonochoric fraction among species the paper assigns. Testacean pass below 0.10 with n >= 10, refute at or above 0.50. The claim passes only if the sessile clause passes too. A testacean refutation refutes the sentence. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion From the checksummed full text of PMC10588774, take each species to which the paper assigns a sexual system in the same sentence as its name. Gonochorism, dioecy or separate sexes is duality of sex. Hermaphroditism is not. Testaceans are the bivalves, gastropods and echinoids named in those sentences. Sessile animals are barnacles, corals, sponges and sea squirts named in those sentences; a bivalve is not scored as sessile unless the sentence says it lives attached. Let n_t be testacean species with an assignment and g_t the gonochoric fraction. The testacean clause passes if n_t >= 10 and g_t < 0.10. The sessile clause passes if n_s >= 10 and g_s < 0.10. The claim passes only if both clauses pass. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha04-27 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Searched for binomials that share a sentence with a single sexual-system assignment. None were found. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha04-27--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Nicolini et al., Bivalves as emerging model systems to study the mechanisms and evolution of sex determination. 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