https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/Head https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The first 900 preserved-specimen occurrences of Delphinidae (GBIF familyKey 5314) were read in pages of 300. A preparation counted as bone if it named bone, skeleton, skull, cranium, vertebra, mandible or an osteological element, and as cartilage or fish-spine if it contained those words. Empty preparation fields were ignored. Animal Diversity Web accounts for Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis and Orcinus orca were read as text. A live-birth sentence matches viviparous, live birth, live young, or gives birth. An egg sentence matches oviparous, lays eggs, lay eggs or egg-laying, unless the sentence negates it. Both clauses had to pass. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 63 Delphinidae preserved specimens in the GBIF scan whose preparation names a bone or skeleton (n = 900). Interpretation: Fish-spines, in this claim, are the supporting spine Aristotle attributes to fish and contrasts with bone. A dolphin skeleton catalogued as bone, skull or vertebrae is bone rather than that fish-spine. Viviparity is live birth, read from the account's own words, not from the animal being a mammal. The scope is dolphins, family Delphinidae, represented by the specimen search and by the three named species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa02-25: supports, confidence 0.75 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa02-25/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Public specimen records that name the preparation of a Delphinidae specimen, and public species accounts that state reproductive mode. A record with no preparation text is not evidence either way. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A dolphin preparation is coded as a cartilaginous or fish-spine skeleton, or an account says dolphins lay eggs. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst No GBIF preparation list and no Animal Diversity Web account had been opened when this file was committed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The GBIF count is the first 900 preserved records in the API's default order, not every dolphin specimen in GBIF. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Museum preparations of dolphins are bones or skeletons, and the species accounts say the animals give birth to live young. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if any skeletal preparation says the dolphin skeleton is cartilage or fish-spine, or if any retrieved account says the species lays eggs. Mixed if one clause passes and the other cannot be tested. Inconclusive with reason data-unavailable if neither clause can be tested. A preparation field that is empty does not count as bone and does not count as cartilage. Confidence is 0.75 when both clauses are tested and agree, and 0.5 when the verdict is mixed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.75 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict supports https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If dolphins are viviparous and have bones rather than fish-spines, specimen records will describe an ossified skeleton and species accounts will describe live birth rather than eggs or a cartilaginous fish spine. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Count preparation strings and account sentences by the keyword classes in the pass criterion. Both clauses must pass. Taxonomy alone, including 'mammal', is not counted as viviparity or as bone. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. The anatomy clause passes if a GBIF search of preserved Delphinidae specimens returns at least 10 records whose preparation text matches bone, skeleton, skull, cranium, vertebra, mandible or osteolog, and none of those skeletal records says the skeleton is cartilage or a fish-spine. The viviparity clause passes if at least two of the Animal Diversity Web accounts for Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis and Orcinus orca are retrieved and every retrieved account states live birth, viviparity, or a calf that is born, and none states that the species lays eggs. Supports only if both clauses pass. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-pa02-25 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description preparation text for dolphin specimens, scored for bone versus cartilage or fish-spine https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license record-level licenses vary; the API response is the source read here https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: GBIF occurrence search, preserved specimens of Delphinidae https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/search?taxonKey=5314&basisOfRecord=PRESERVED_SPECIMEN&limit=300&offset=0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/search?taxonKey=5314&basisOfRecord=PRESERVED_SPECIMEN&limit=300&offset=300 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/search?taxonKey=5314&basisOfRecord=PRESERVED_SPECIMEN&limit=300&offset=600 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.gbif.org/species/5314 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:3bb2ed8c3a2c0e118d1bd16a8d2f4f3e369102d82a839a8064a91cc1cab7fa1a https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:715661ab2e47e7adbd9cf93646d2a5f0fe1036ec243659d98ab634a315552116 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:9da8c17ba59dfeb0eb1c5bf4c594093171cad3a4b046b98f6841a51e86c9b0da https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description wording of reproductive mode: viviparous or live birth, versus egg-laying https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license ADW content is available for educational use; see animaldiversity.org https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Animal Diversity Web accounts for three dolphin species https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Delphinus_delphis/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Orcinus_orca/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tursiops_truncatus/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://animaldiversity.org/ https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:58ae0e3504749ca32049e441a67c8b27d85d48e34d7a7ddc5b39b72ee32a6b2f https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:65193ab0f4559de3ab7dcdec04cfcf2bd36575cfc4681af71682485e30da96eb https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:d33ae9257f7a57602cbc6e2bdcd7922a57a52bbc8145edefae4763130094ea9d https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-biology-claims-906a) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier Grok 4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa02-25/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/test https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/plan https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.791Z https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-25--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa02-25: supports, confidence 0.75 https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature uay8QClVM68rtSCv6av11pHnt3mgldMTdCa02uT5NFu6MT2CJsJHpjv31qQ035bxzxN/w/r85d475N7yM3NfNhxj/dwBVwJo/YQ+GSgaYG5PhdgEvMst+OFpR7iLgqgw0WR0PcIBeuNEbrZewj/u3ouZ0ueh9vOBZFi9A6Dw3ZmsilQCj0pRCuI7Lilbu15NfMF/T0sGaOnwDPH5/PhKREO1bnO9NuGBG0kqVrTrzjBZcLFo6TknmYScBZWup4WET2KVlxDOl8Ct9ehnXzK98WJLZXQS04MUYXKBCVyruEad7XnzxrkXxnw18LXdCJJP7v0fu47gyV5YX2bYiWWZWw== https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U https://w3id.org/np/RA_8FVbEXsCDs1v65ZqNgKDjYUVzEySljWjrOrhAkoK-U/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192