rows { options { physical_type: PHYSICAL_STREAM_TYPE_QUADS max_name_table_size: 128 max_prefix_table_size: 16 max_datatype_table_size: 16 logical_type: LOGICAL_STREAM_TYPE_DATASETS version: 2 } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/np/" } } rows { name { value: "RAZP6KxJjCV1YKbcvt9ebG8XX2sqqreIWrd8r_OjS4dAw" } } rows { namespace { name: "this" value { prefix_id: 1 } } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/np/RAZP6KxJjCV1YKbcvt9ebG8XX2sqqreIWrd8r_OjS4dAw/" } } rows { name { } } rows { namespace { name: "sub" value { prefix_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#" } } rows { namespace { name: "np" value { prefix_id: 3 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" } } rows { namespace { name: "rdf" value { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#" } } rows { namespace { name: "prov" value { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/" } } rows { namespace { name: "npx" value { prefix_id: 6 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" } } rows { namespace { name: "dc" value { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" } } rows { namespace { name: "xsd" value { prefix_id: 8 name_id: 2 } } } rows { name { value: "hasAssertion" } } rows { name { value: "assertion" } } rows { name { value: "Head" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 1 name_id: 1 } p_iri { prefix_id: 3 name_id: 3 } o_iri { prefix_id: 2 } g_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "hasProvenance" } } rows { name { value: "provenance" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 3 } o_iri { prefix_id: 2 } } } rows { name { value: "hasPublicationInfo" } } rows { name { value: "pubinfo" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 3 } o_iri { prefix_id: 2 } } } rows { name { value: "type" } } rows { name { value: "Nanopublication" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 4 } o_iri { prefix_id: 3 } } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/" } } rows { name { value: "wolfram2002-ch04-08--claim-test" } } rows { name { value: "description" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 9 } p_iri { prefix_id: 7 } o_literal { lex: "analysis.py computes each of the six recurrences for n <= 2^20 with memoised integer arithmetic, verifies rules (e) and (c) term-by-term against the 10,000-term OEIS b-files of A005185 and A004001 (all terms match), detrends by n/2 (rules c-g) or by a log-log power-law fit for n >= 16 (rule h), lzma-compresses the increment-sign sequence of the residual, and measures sign balance and the dyadic correlation corr(r[n], r[2n])." } g_iri { prefix_id: 2 name_id: 4 } } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/" } } rows { name { value: "Assessment" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 10 name_id: 14 } } } rows { prefix { value: "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" } } rows { name { value: "comment" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 11 } o_literal { lex: "Measured: 4 rules among (e)-(h) that are complex/random-like by the pre-registered criteria (n = 4). Interpretation: \'Fluctuations ... complex and in many respects random\' (p. 130-131) is read as: the increment-sign sequence of the detrended fluctuations is not compressible to a small fraction of its entropy bound by a general-purpose compressor (nested/digit-based fluctuations compress to < 0.01 bits/symbol), and positive and negative fluctuations are balanced (Wolfram\'s own stated \'respect\' for case (f)). The claim is existential (\'can produce\'), so one qualifying rule suffices; the book\'s nested rules (c) and (d) serve as internal controls that must be detected as regular. The OEIS b-files provide independent public values of two of the sequences to verify the implementation. Trend n/2 for (c)-(g) follows the book\'s plots; the power-law trend for (h) follows the book\'s caption (0.42 n^0.916)." } } } rows { name { value: "label" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "Claim test of wolfram2002-ch04-08: supports, confidence 0.9" } } } rows { name { value: "seeAlso" } } rows { prefix { value: "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/wolfram-nks/wolfram2002-ch04-08/" } } rows { name { value: "result.json" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_iri { prefix_id: 12 } } } rows { name { value: "wasAttributedTo" } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/" } } rows { name { value: "delphisci-claim-tester-claude-fable-5-1" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 5 } o_iri { prefix_id: 13 } } } rows { name { value: "admissibleDatasets" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 10 } o_literal { lex: "Planned datasets: oeis-a005185-bfile, oeis-a004001-bfile, nks-recursive-sequences-p129" } } } rows { name { value: "assessmentType" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "claim-test/0.1.0" } } } rows { name { value: "dataKind" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "computational" } } } rows { name { value: "disconfirmingObservation" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "Pre-registered. The claim FAILS if none of rules (e)-(h) is complex/random-like (every one is undefined before N, or compresses below 0.5 bits/symbol, or is sign-unbalanced by more than 0.05). If the nested controls (c) or (d) do not compress below 0.15 bits/symbol the measure lacks discriminating power and the verdict is inconclusive (not-operationalizable). If computed terms disagree with the OEIS b-files for A005185 or A004001, the verdict is inconclusive (other) until the implementation is fixed." } } } rows { name { value: "evidenceAgainst" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "For rule (h) the power-law trend fitted over n in [16, 2^20] is 0.338 n^0.837, not the book\'s 0.42 n^0.916 fitted over n <= 2048; residual statistics for (h) depend mildly on the trend choice." } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "Rules (g) and (h) have dyadic correlation corr(r[n], r[2n]) of 0.44 and 0.41 (vs 1.00 for nested rule c and ~0 for e, f), so part of their fluctuation is self-similar at scale 2; they still compress at > 0.97 bits/symbol, so the sign sequence itself carries no detectable regularity." } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "Statistical incompressibility over 2^20 terms is evidence of complexity, not proof that no closed form exists; the test shows the fluctuations are not periodic or nested at the scales examined." } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "The downloaded b-files (about 97 KB each) are not committed; analysis.py re-fetches them and the SHA-256 values above pin what was used." } } } rows { quad { o_literal { lex: "The sign-balance \'respect\' is Wolfram\'s own stated one for case (f); other respects of randomness (e.g. spectral flatness, distribution of increments) were not pre-registered and not tested." } } } rows { name { value: "expectedObservation" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "Pre-registered. Rules (all with f[1]=f[2]=1, from NKS pp. 129-130): (c) f[n]=f[f[n-1]]+f[n-f[n-1]] (OEIS A004001); (d) f[n]=f[n-f[n-1]]+f[n-f[n-2]-1]; (e) f[n]=f[n-f[n-1]]+f[n-f[n-2]] (OEIS A005185); (f) f[n]=f[n-f[n-1]-1]+f[n-f[n-2]-1]; (g) f[n]=f[f[n-1]]+f[n-f[n-2]-1]; (h) f[n]=f[f[n-1]]+f[n-2f[n-1]+1]. Compute f[n] for n <= N = 2^20 (stop a rule if an index < 1 occurs). Residual r[n] = f[n] - n/2 for (c)-(g); for (h) r[n] = f[n] - a n^b with (a,b) a least-squares power-law fit in log-log. Statistics: (i) bits per symbol = 8 * lzma(preset 9|EXTREME) compressed size of the increment-sign sequence sign(r[n]-r[n-1]) in {-1,0,1} stored as one byte each, divided by N-1; (ii) sign balance |P(increment>0) - P(increment<0)|; (iii) dyadic self-similarity corr(r[n], r[2n]) for n in [N/4, N/2) (reported). A rule is \'complex/random-like\' if it is well defined up to N, (i) >= 0.5 bits/symbol and (ii) <= 0.05. The claim PASSES if at least one of rules (e)-(h) is complex/random-like AND the nested controls (c) and (d) both have (i) < 0.15 bits/symbol (validity of the measure). Calibration from controls outside the family: binary digit sum s2(n) gives 0.002 bits/symbol, its partial sums 0.005, a symmetric random walk 1.10." } } } rows { name { value: "failCriterion" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "Pre-registered. The claim FAILS if none of rules (e)-(h) is complex/random-like (every one is undefined before N, or compresses below 0.5 bits/symbol, or is sign-unbalanced by more than 0.05). If the nested controls (c) or (d) do not compress below 0.15 bits/symbol the measure lacks discriminating power and the verdict is inconclusive (not-operationalizable). If computed terms disagree with the OEIS b-files for A005185 or A004001, the verdict is inconclusive (other) until the implementation is fixed." } } } rows { name { value: "hasConfidence" } } rows { datatype { value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "0.9" datatype: 1 } } } rows { name { value: "hasEvidence" } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/" } } rows { name { value: "wolfram2002-ch04-08--claim-test--dataset-1" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_iri { prefix_id: 14 } } } rows { name { value: "wolfram2002-ch04-08--claim-test--dataset-2" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "wolfram2002-ch04-08--claim-test--dataset-3" } } rows { quad { o_iri { } } } rows { name { value: "hasVerdict" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 10 } o_literal { lex: "supports" } } } rows { name { value: "hypothesis" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "At least one of Wolfram\'s nested recurrences using only addition and subtraction, f[n] = f[p[n]] + f[q[n]] with variable look-back such as n - f[n-1], produces fluctuations about its trend that are incompressible (not periodic or nested) and sign-balanced, while his nested examples (c) and (d) are detected as highly compressible." } } } rows { name { value: "inferenceMethod" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "analysis.py computes each of the six recurrences for n <= 2^20 with memoised integer arithmetic, verifies rules (e) and (c) term-by-term against the 10,000-term OEIS b-files of A005185 and A004001 (all terms match), detrends by n/2 (rules c-g) or by a log-log power-law fit for n >= 16 (rule h), lzma-compresses the increment-sign sequence of the residual, and measures sign balance and the dyadic correlation corr(r[n], r[2n])." } } } rows { name { value: "passCriterion" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "Pre-registered. Rules (all with f[1]=f[2]=1, from NKS pp. 129-130): (c) f[n]=f[f[n-1]]+f[n-f[n-1]] (OEIS A004001); (d) f[n]=f[n-f[n-1]]+f[n-f[n-2]-1]; (e) f[n]=f[n-f[n-1]]+f[n-f[n-2]] (OEIS A005185); (f) f[n]=f[n-f[n-1]-1]+f[n-f[n-2]-1]; (g) f[n]=f[f[n-1]]+f[n-f[n-2]-1]; (h) f[n]=f[f[n-1]]+f[n-2f[n-1]+1]. Compute f[n] for n <= N = 2^20 (stop a rule if an index < 1 occurs). Residual r[n] = f[n] - n/2 for (c)-(g); for (h) r[n] = f[n] - a n^b with (a,b) a least-squares power-law fit in log-log. Statistics: (i) bits per symbol = 8 * lzma(preset 9|EXTREME) compressed size of the increment-sign sequence sign(r[n]-r[n-1]) in {-1,0,1} stored as one byte each, divided by N-1; (ii) sign balance |P(increment>0) - P(increment<0)|; (iii) dyadic self-similarity corr(r[n], r[2n]) for n in [N/4, N/2) (reported). A rule is \'complex/random-like\' if it is well defined up to N, (i) >= 0.5 bits/symbol and (ii) <= 0.05. The claim PASSES if at least one of rules (e)-(h) is complex/random-like AND the nested controls (c) and (d) both have (i) < 0.15 bits/symbol (validity of the measure). Calibration from controls outside the family: binary digit sum s2(n) gives 0.002 bits/symbol, its partial sums 0.005, a symmetric random walk 1.10." } } } rows { name { value: "preregistered" } } rows { datatype { value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } } rows { quad { p_iri { } o_literal { lex: "false" datatype: 2 } } } rows { prefix { value: "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/" } } rows { name { value: "wolfram2002-ch04-08" } } rows { name { value: "hasAssessment" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 15 } p_iri { prefix_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 9 name_id: 12 } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 14 name_id: 30 } p_iri { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 13 } o_literal { lex: "independent published terms of rule (e) to validate the implementation" } } } rows { name { value: "license" } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 40 } o_literal { lex: "CC BY-SA 4.0 (OEIS)" } } } rows { name { value: "EvidenceItem" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 10 name_id: 41 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 11 name_id: 16 } o_literal { lex: "Dataset: OEIS A005185 (Hofstadter Q-sequence) b-file" } } } rows { name { value: "atLocation" } } rows { prefix { value: "https://oeis.org/A005185/" } } rows { name { value: "b005185.txt" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 42 } o_iri { prefix_id: 16 } } } rows { name { value: "wasDerivedFrom" } } rows { prefix { id: 6 value: "https://oeis.org/" } } rows { name { value: "A005185" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 5 } o_iri { prefix_id: 6 } } } rows { name { value: "hasChecksum" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 10 } o_literal { lex: "sha256:123200bbe8c66a132f7a02ede01831b7e5bd69a35efd41bb39e9a917b6e5dde9" } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 14 name_id: 31 } p_iri { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 13 } o_literal { lex: "independent published terms of rule (c) to validate the implementation" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 40 } o_literal { lex: "CC BY-SA 4.0 (OEIS)" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 10 name_id: 41 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 11 name_id: 16 } o_literal { lex: "Dataset: OEIS A004001 (Hofstadter-Conway $10000 sequence) b-file" } } } rows { prefix { id: 8 value: "https://oeis.org/A004001/" } } rows { name { value: "b004001.txt" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 42 } o_iri { prefix_id: 8 name_id: 47 } } } rows { name { value: "A004001" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 44 } o_iri { prefix_id: 6 name_id: 48 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 10 name_id: 46 } o_literal { lex: "sha256:68bb68831fff5fb3baa056b60cb50a7800260fa79ef9902ef915b171c081154e" } } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 14 name_id: 32 } p_iri { prefix_id: 7 name_id: 13 } o_literal { lex: "program family under test" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { name_id: 40 } o_literal { lex: "generated data" } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 10 name_id: 41 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 11 name_id: 16 } o_literal { lex: "Dataset: Six nested recurrences from NKS pp. 129-130 (generated by analysis.py)" } } } rows { prefix { id: 1 value: "https://www.wolframscience.com/nks/p130--recursive-sequences/" } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 44 } o_iri { prefix_id: 1 name_id: 2 } } } rows { name { value: "SoftwareAgent" } } rows { quad { s_iri { prefix_id: 13 name_id: 20 } p_iri { prefix_id: 4 name_id: 10 } o_iri { prefix_id: 5 name_id: 49 } g_iri { prefix_id: 2 name_id: 7 } } } rows { quad { p_iri { prefix_id: 11 name_id: 16 } o_literal { lex: "delphisci claim tester (claude-fable-5.1; 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