https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the Dryad parity file and the FishBase taxonomy tables. Each binomial was matched to class Elasmobranchii. A species with any Egg-laying row counts as egg-laying. The pre-registered thresholds were applied to that count. The D file's nutrition modes were counted and not used for the verdict. Headers seen: parity species, mode; D file species, mode. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0.443 proportion of matched elasmobranch species coded egg-laying (n = 772). Interpretation: The quote says dogfish and the other selachians are internally oviparous and externally viviparous: eggs are produced inside and the young are born. Live-bearing is that parity. Egg-laying is the contrary, whether or not the egg is a horny case. The scope includes rays as well as sharks. Placental and yolk-only live-bearing are both live birth, so both meet the parity reading. The test does not decide which form of nourishment the embryo uses. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha03-04: refutes, confidence 0.83 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha03-04/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public species-level parity table for sharks and rays, corrected to live-bearing versus egg-laying, matched to FishBase so the scope can include both sharks and rays. The table must have been compiled from the reproductive literature, not from Aristotle. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A substantial number of sharks, dogfish, or rays are coded egg-laying, so the egg does not turn into a young inside the mother before birth. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst A Sharkipedia search snippet showed an oviparous catshark and several viviparous sharks. That snippet is not this dataset and was not counted. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst After the run, 186 Dryad binomials did not match a FishBase Elasmobranchii species. The unmatched sample includes chimaeras, which are outside that class, and names FishBase spells differently. They are excluded from the proportion. The 342 matched egg-laying species are the verdict count. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Dogfish genera are not a separate verdict. Their modes will be listed after the run. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Only the Dryad file description was read before registration. It says shark_modepruned_F_parity.csv codes Live-bearing and Egg-laying. No species row was read. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Every matched selachian with a parity code is live-bearing, meaning the young leave the mother rather than an egg being laid. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if at least 10 matched species are Egg-laying, or if the egg-laying proportion is at least 0.10 among at least 30 matched species. Mixed if the egg-laying count is from 1 to 9 and the proportion is below 0.10. Inconclusive with reason underpowered if fewer than 30 species match with a non-empty mode. Inconclusive with reason data-unavailable if the file cannot be retrieved or the mode labels are not Live-bearing and Egg-laying. shark_modepruned_D.csv may be tabulated by mode as a description and does not change the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.83 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, dogfish and the other selachians give birth to young rather than laying eggs, with development completed inside the mother. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Count and proportion of matched Elasmobranchii coded Egg-laying in shark_modepruned_F_parity.csv. Zero egg-layers and at least 50 species supports. Ten or more egg-layers, or a proportion of at least 0.10, refutes. The finer nutrition codes in the D file are descriptive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered (supports). Primary table: Hughes and Blackburn Dryad file shark_modepruned_F_parity.csv (doi:10.5061/dryad.80gb5mm12), column mode, categories Live-bearing and Egg-laying as named in the deposit's file description. Selachians are binomials matching FishBase v25.04 species in class Elasmobranchii, sharks and rays together, which is the claim's scope. Supports only if at least 50 matched species have a non-empty mode and the number coded Egg-laying is 0. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha03-04 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description parity (live-bearing versus egg-laying) for the verdict; finer modes in the D file are descriptive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC0 1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Hughes and Blackburn 2025 reanalysis of Katona et al. 2023 chondrichthyan reproductive modes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://datadryad.org/downloads/file_stream/3901770 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://datadryad.org/downloads/file_stream/3901775 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.80gb5mm12 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:bb32d5be6070379d3e44db08d58eb1d6f30a64a4ed7a7b89c4afe26b65d8a872 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:d74e0becf3782bb68a112c8f45eaf75c1b8acd21d631bdea485046bff15af3cf https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description match binomials to Elasmobranchii, including rays https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY-NC 4.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: FishBase v25.04 species, families, and orders https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/families.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/orders.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase/resolve/main/data/fb/v25.04/parquet/species.parquet https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://huggingface.co/datasets/cboettig/fishbase https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:02bfae694deed266250e58ecebf4b10af595178944c431612e865cb37dc563e4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:3f09bbb09c1c10219277f35b4f8c42aebedd5f1b8e00ebdfdeb0e16574b0e090 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha03-04--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:a0f33b60ffbc1950ae8b57f652fd0b327f7d00713602c0f4e847ca1d8c8f69a0 https://w3id.org/np/RAVpAsk1YSHNIO0P3dcrV27aN8GeK0x9isRIHL4sxzMyE/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; 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