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In crystals of quartz the number and length of the sides vary from specimen to specimen, but the angles between corresponding faces do not change.
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Formalization: contingent. The law of constancy of interfacial angles. Follows from a lattice model (angles fixed by the cell), so the empirical content is that natural crystals of one species share one cell.
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The angles of a crystal are constant while the number and length of its sides vary
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Steno N, “De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus”, Macmillan, New York (Univ. of Michigan Studies, Humanistic Series XI), English translation by John Garrett Winter, 1916 (1669); Prodromus, explanation of figures 5 and 6, p. 272. Scope: Quartz crystals (and by extension crystals of one substance); interfacial angles.
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Steno N. De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus. Macmillan, New York (Univ. of Michigan Studies, Humanistic Series XI), English translation by John Garrett Winter, 1916 (1669), 205-283
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Nicolaus Steno
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1669
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Winter's 1916 translation with Hobbs's foreword; the Latin original is in archive.org nicolaistenonisd00sten. The translation's year is 1916; the graph dates the claims to 1669.
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Public domain (1669; translation 1916).
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De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus
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Reading copy of De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus
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Page 272 of the reading copy; paragraph 1006 of the normalised text 1669-steno.txt (sha256 ffd1648fdb362aea9dc6fd282f07770a1f6b4b1f2b4b87635f8d88f0a8d58dbb), produced by build/fetch.py and checked by build/check-quotes.mjs. The text itself is not committed.
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in the plane of the axis both the number and the length of the sides are changed in various ways without changing the angles
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Nicolaus Steno 1669 claim: The angles of a crystal are constant while the number and length of its sides vary
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