. . . . "In crystals of quartz the number and length of the sides vary from specimen to specimen, but the angles between corresponding faces do not change." . "empirical-generalization" . . "Formalization: contingent. The law of constancy of interfacial angles. Follows from a lattice model (angles fixed by the cell), so the empirical content is that natural crystals of one species share one cell." . "The angles of a crystal are constant while the number and length of its sides vary" . "\\theta_{hkl,h'k'l'} = \\text{const across specimens of one species}" . "Steno N, “De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus”, Macmillan, New York (Univ. of Michigan Studies, Humanistic Series XI), English translation by John Garrett Winter, 1916 (1669); Prodromus, explanation of figures 5 and 6, p. 272. Scope: Quartz crystals (and by extension crystals of one substance); interfacial angles." . "Steno N. De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus. Macmillan, New York (Univ. of Michigan Studies, Humanistic Series XI), English translation by John Garrett Winter, 1916 (1669), 205-283" . "Nicolaus Steno" . "1669"^^ . "Winter's 1916 translation with Hobbs's foreword; the Latin original is in archive.org nicolaistenonisd00sten. The translation's year is 1916; the graph dates the claims to 1669." . "Public domain (1669; translation 1916)." . "De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus" . . . . "Reading copy of De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus" . . . "delphisci crystals-and-form claim extractor" . . . . "Claude Fable 5.1" . . . . . . . . . . . . "Page 272 of the reading copy; paragraph 1006 of the normalised text 1669-steno.txt (sha256 ffd1648fdb362aea9dc6fd282f07770a1f6b4b1f2b4b87635f8d88f0a8d58dbb), produced by build/fetch.py and checked by build/check-quotes.mjs. The text itself is not committed." . . . "in the plane of the axis both the number and the length of the sides are changed in various ways without changing the angles" . . "ffd1648fdb362aea9dc6fd282f07770a1f6b4b1f2b4b87635f8d88f0a8d58dbb" . "Checksum of the normalised one-paragraph-per-line text derived from the reading copy, not of the reading copy itself." . "crystals-and-form" . "2026-11-07T03:18:23.997Z"^^ . . . . . "Nicolaus Steno 1669 claim: The angles of a crystal are constant while the number and length of its sides vary" . . "RSA" . "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" . "WugKlGAEIRD9uxuGJtFarZEsynikFyYUiC7/aX/dGo4Qzu3Pc4EFpUOV53TScenBZrLaor1uD84EST0BFTrG8M9DYH10VUp9ogoayQlJPbJqFFy+6Ix6Bs7Qg4pVeNQKSQ+3k/XHR7+j/amAqhxR5A+HJ9tG/NrY8N0TzV+BXQAwgTZn6zwgpzYwPo8DhrNPGhr3y+zRpR++swt6LpWG9DwZVtpemPF1AyVFLHVaWo8C1Fl7STLUl+thjyDac2Ba+3/xmT9S5qDAFVYH8qXCbDTES7J/+aXyd6Ooo+q3NG5t46o3McJjpSqsX0je+BZIc2rT4/yNVoVNELhnuySL6A==" . . .