https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAV3MF9AVr6AkYmjrIlUpET-WvmHIAW0nEyOoNXscG7FI/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Joined FishBase v24.07 reproduction rows to species and families and kept class Elasmobranchii or Holocephali (897 species). A species counts as having an umbilical connection when AddInfos still matches placenta, placental or umbilic after the substring aplacental and the phrases 'without a placenta' and 'without a yolk sac placenta' are removed. Seventy-eight species meet that test, including eight Mustelus species. The pre-registered existential rule is at least one, so the verdict is supports. Remarks that mention the connection after yolk absorption were counted separately and do not change the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 78 chondrichthyan species whose FishBase reproduction remark states a placenta or umbilicus (n = 897, exact count after removing aplacental and 'without a placenta' phrases). Interpretation: Cartilaginous fishes are chondrichthyans. Aristotle's 'umbilical cord' after the egg is consumed is the yolk-sac placenta (an umbilical stalk between embryo and uterus), not the transient attachment of an ordinary egg case. 'Some' is existential: one scored species is enough to support, and the denominator is still reported so the claim is not a bare anecdote. The smooth dogfish is a named example in the full claim; it is reported if present and is not required for the existential statement. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga03-12: supports, confidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga03-12/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets FishBase or a checksummed paper table that codes placenta or umbilicus for chondrichthyan species. A live-bearing flag alone is not admissible for the umbilical clause. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A reproductive-mode table of at least 30 chondrichthyan species with an explicit placental versus aplacental code lists no umbilical or placental connection. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst 'Some' is supported by 78 species out of 897 scored chondrichthyans. The fraction is not a rate for every cartilaginous fish. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst AddInfos is a free-text remark, not a controlled placenta code. The count uses the phrases the pre-registration named and excludes aplacental remarks. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Eight Mustelus species are among the 78. The claim's smooth-dogfish example is in the table and was not required for the existential statement. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The clause that the cord is still present after the yolk is used up is untested unless a remark says so. That count is reported and does not decide the verdict. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation At least one scored chondrichthyan species has a yolk-sac placenta or an umbilical connection of the completed young to the uterus. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Refutes if at least 30 chondrichthyan species have an explicit placental-versus-aplacental (or umbilical present/absent) code and the count with an umbilical or placental connection is 0. Mixed if the table records eggs retained in the uterus but zero species with an umbilical cord. Inconclusive, reason not-operationalizable, if the only codes are live-bearing versus egg-laying with no placenta or umbilicus distinction. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if no such table is fetched. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.86 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test--dataset-4 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict supports https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, at least one cartilaginous-fish species is recorded with the embryo still joined to the mother by an umbilical cord when the young is complete. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Count species with an explicit placental or umbilical code. Support if that count is at least 1. Refute only if the scored set has at least 30 species and the count is 0. Timing relative to yolk depletion is a separate flag, untested when the table is silent. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-12--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion From FishBase v24.07, use a column that explicitly codes placenta, umbilicus, or uterine attachment of the embryo, restricted to chondrichthyan species (class Elasmobranchii or Holocephali, or orders of sharks, rays and chimaeras as labelled in the table). A code of placental viviparity or yolk-sac placenta counts as an umbilical connection. Aplacental viviparity, ovoviviparity, egg-laying and histotrophy without a placenta do not. If FishBase has no such column, apply the same codes to the first admissible table from an Europe PMC search, query 'elasmobranch yolk-sac placenta umbilical', OPEN_ACCESS:Y, pageSize 25, first table whose header or caption contains placenta or umbilical. Supports if the number of chondrichthyan species coded with an umbilical or placental connection is at least 1. The denominator of chondrichthyan species scored for reproductive mode is reported. 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