[ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/Head", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs", "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/assertion" } ], "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/provenance" } ], "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/pubinfo" } ], "@type": [ "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication" ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/provenance", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-claim-tests-3f12)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier": [ { "@value": "Grok 4.7" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel" ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/assertion", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha06-28/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/test" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/test", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/plan" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/plan", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/pubinfo", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [ { "@value": "2026-11-08T16:24:31.773Z", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-28--claim-test" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha06-28: refutes, confidence 0.85" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/sig", "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm": [ { "@value": "RSA" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey": [ { "@value": "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature": [ { "@value": "d5+0f+2n5ueoeeFipTh9TRwx6m9mJoYeuR+eROm+SEDgErzzcxWdLsifEYiffw4ihBgSuuhuTxz3DAp3niFH19PRiJdMr/T4Tx1yTUrzGUWbBxPfB2wCKvJLcrN2zxOxfpRph2kdabxTHMRzR/I2bVlvLEEJos1YNpdUOHyXlLVlawKU5Xq2cYRXnKyvcK7ek7blTckybHRYddfAnnGslH+Aj8+LDLxhzH5DAi2oUcU+JUp9QiL7ybj0oUautawK6uvyvMgPBOsNZcelD4Ju9GbzPfU7BhaCX5MNpq4DjDBk58oGsCSmExl602ijQ924pGnLqr2vppL+WY1mTIkWbw==" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAUj14jEIyqOmcLeA777aExkAwpo0txL4CnxQMO4d2HEs/assertion", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-28--claim-test", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "FishBase v26.06 parquet tables were downloaded from data.source.coop. Anguilla anguilla was the species row with Genus Anguilla and Species anguilla. Reproduction mode, fecundity, egg diameter and spawning rows for that SpecCode were read. A fecundity or egg diameter above zero refutes, as pre-registered. Other Anguilla species were not used." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 3000000 maximum stored fecundity (FecundityMin or FecundityMax) for Anguilla anguilla; eggs per female as recorded, not re-estimated (n = 3, n is the number of fecundity or egg rows with a positive value for this one species, not a count of eels dissected). Interpretation: The sentence is a universal negative about the European eel: eels are not born from pairing, they are not oviparous, and opening one has not shown milt, spawn, or passages for spawn or eggs. The test uses Anguilla anguilla, the species in the claim's scope. It does not test the next sentence, that eels arise from earth-guts. 'Spawn' is eggs or roe. 'Milt' is sperm. 'Passages' are genital ducts or gonads. A database code that the species is oviparous, or a fecundity above zero, contradicts 'no eel was ever found with spawn' and 'not oviparous'. A river sample of immature eels with no visible milt does not establish the universal negative." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha06-28: refutes, confidence 0.85" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha06-28/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "A public file, no login, with a species name that matches Anguilla anguilla and a reproduction, fecundity, egg, milt, or gonad field. A narrative recalled without a downloaded table does not count. Rows for other Anguilla species are reported and do not by themselves refute or support the European eel claim." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "The species is coded oviparous, or any row gives a fecundity, egg count, egg diameter, or milt observation above zero, or states that a gonad or duct was present." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "FishBase v26.06 records Anguilla anguilla with fecundity and egg diameter above zero, so the universal negative is refuted. The reproduction mode field says dioecism, not the word oviparous." }, { "@value": "No FishBase reproduction table, fecundity number, or eel gonad paper was opened before this registration." }, { "@value": "Other eel species are not substitutes for Anguilla anguilla." }, { "@value": "Reproduction mode is stored as dioecism with external fertilization and the guild 'open water/substratum egg scatterers'. The word oviparous is not the mode code. The numeric egg and fecundity fields set the verdict." }, { "@value": "The claim is about eels Aristotle could cut open. A modern species code still answers whether an eel has been found with spawn. It does not show what a river fisherman in Greece would have seen." }, { "@value": "The same reproduction row says actual spawning has never been observed and is believed to occur in the Sargasso Sea. Egg diameter and fecundity are still positive records of eggs. They are not an observation of a spawning event." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "In a public table, Anguilla anguilla has no oviparous mode, no positive fecundity or egg or milt measurement, and a series of at least 50 eels including silver eels records no gonad and no duct." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered (refutes). The same species row or specimen table records a reproductive mode of oviparous, or a numeric fecundity, egg count, egg diameter, or milt or sperm observation greater than zero, or an anatomical note that a gonad or genital duct was present. One such row is enough: the claim says no eel has been found with these. If a silver-eel or species-level row shows eggs or milt and a separate river-only series of at least 50 yellow eels shows none, the verdict is mixed. If no public table for Anguilla anguilla can be read, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. If the only rows are yellow or feeding-stage eels with undeveloped gonads and no species-level mode, the verdict is inconclusive with reason other, because that sample repeats the observation the claim already made and does not test mature eels. A table that does not name Anguilla anguilla is not used." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.85", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-28--claim-test--dataset-1" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "refutes" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "No European eel in a public reproductive table has milt, eggs, or a reproductive passage, and the species is not recorded as oviparous." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Read the species row and any specimen rows after registration. Apply pass_criterion and fail_criterion. One positive fecundity, egg, milt, gonad, or an oviparous code refutes. A silver-eel positive row plus a yellow-eel series of at least 50 with none is mixed. No readable table is inconclusive, data-unavailable. Yellow eels only, with no species-level mode, is inconclusive, other. Confidence, fixed before the table is opened: 0.55 if inconclusive; 0.85 if refutes from a numeric fecundity, egg, milt, or gonad field; 0.70 if refutes from a mode code alone; 0.75 if mixed; 0.60 if supports. Cap 0.90." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered (supports). A public dissection or maturity series of Anguilla anguilla names at least 50 individuals, includes silver-stage or migrating eels rather than only feeding-stage river eels, and records eggs, milt or spawn, and reproductive passages as absent in every individual." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-28--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "species identity plus reproduction, fecundity, egg and spawning rows for Anguilla anguilla" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "FishBase terms; the mirror is the public parquet export used by rfishbase" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: FishBase parquet mirror, fb/v26.06" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://data.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v26.06/parquet/eggs.parquet" }, { "@id": "https://data.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v26.06/parquet/fecundity.parquet" }, { "@id": "https://data.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v26.06/parquet/reproduc.parquet" }, { "@id": "https://data.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v26.06/parquet/spawning.parquet" }, { "@id": "https://data.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v26.06/parquet/species.parquet" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://data.source.coop/cboettig/fishbase/fb/v26.06/parquet/" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:87c99bc57f368c6102ea4042e7e6c8019c7405d5a352ead840f06244609ab101" }, { "@value": "sha256:b5b9d3517cdadc0a363ae7ab8c4764bd45b8ec39882af712c2d4913a5fc50d83" }, { "@value": "sha256:b631704f0f4972acdb2edb5d3105f0a6172adb4c473d73e505113f8288418247" }, { "@value": "sha256:bfbc5a38377a8e3ef2be6b2ee3b2893f24f32323cb704048e53a3899b79bbb68" }, { "@value": "sha256:fad904e2583db4ca99e2ed9aeca65ca66f5215f670c7ce30424e4492c0952824" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha06-28", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-28--claim-test" } ] } ] } ]