https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/Head https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The Europe PMC XML of Song and colleagues (BMJ Open 2016) was parsed for the table whose caption contains 'Age at spermarche'. Only the 2010 column was kept, one median per population, including the Han comparison row printed in that table. The semen statistic is the unweighted median of those twelve medians. AnAge Homo sapiens male maturity was converted from days with a 365.25-day year and left out of both clauses because the help page defines it as age at sexual maturity. The figshare workbook was scanned for the words spermarche and sperm and did not contain them. No fetched table stated an age at which men become able to father a child. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 13.995 unweighted median of 2010 population median ages at spermarche, years (n = 12, 11 of 12 population medians lie in [12.5, 15.5]). Interpretation: In the same chapter Aristotle says the first semen is unfruitful and that generative capacity comes later. 'Possess seminal fluid about the age of fourteen' is age at spermarche. 'Generatively capable at about twenty-one' is the later age of being able to father a child, not the mean age of fathers in a birth registry and not the age of the first sperm. 'About' is a window of 1.5 years around 14 and 3 years around 21. The denominator for the semen clause is the number of published population estimates, not a count of individual boys, unless the table itself is boy-level. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha05-19: inconclusive, confidence 0.72 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-19/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Checksummed tables of human male puberty or fertility ages from a cohort, a national student survey, or AnAge, with the quantity named. Mean age of fathers, animal ages, and encyclopaedia prose are not estimates of either clause. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation The spermarche median lies outside 12.5 to 15.5, or the separate capacity age lies outside 18 to 24. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst AnAge records Homo sapiens male maturity as 5110 days, 13.99 years. The help page calls this age at sexual maturity. It was not entered for either clause. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The figshare table (DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0247762.t004) is a compilation of ages at female menarche and other secondary-sex stages. It does not mention spermarche and is not in the median. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The generation clause is untested. None of the fetched tables states an age at which men become able to father a child, so 'about twenty-one' is not scored. The pre-registered rule then makes the compound claim inconclusive rather than supported. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The semen clause passes: the unweighted median of twelve 2010 population medians is 13.995 years, inside 12.5 to 15.5, and 11 of the 12 medians are inside that window. The Qiang median, 12.03, is outside it. The pre-registered statistic is the median of the medians, not a requirement that every population lie inside the window. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The twelve rows are the 2010 cross-section of one Chinese student survey (eleven ethnic-minority groups plus the Han comparison row printed in the same table). Earlier survey years in the paper were not added, so a population is not counted twice. This is not a sample of all men. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation The median of published central ages at spermarche lies between 12.5 and 15.5 years, and a separate central age of male reproductive capacity lies between 18 and 24 years. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Refutes if the semen median is outside [12.5, 15.5], or if a separate generative-capacity age is outside [18.0, 24.0]. Mixed if one clause passes and the other fails. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if the semen clause passes but no separate generative-capacity estimate is in the fetched tables. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if no spermarche table can be fetched. A single maturity age cannot be entered for both clauses. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.72 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis The age at which men first produce semen is about fourteen years, and a later, separate age at which they are able to father offspring is about twenty-one years. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Unweighted median of reported spermarche central ages versus [12.5, 15.5], requiring at least three estimates. Separate capacity age versus [18, 24]. Both must pass. One age cannot fill both clauses. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Two different measurements are required. (Semen) From a checksummed table of population median or mean ages at spermarche, take the unweighted median of those reported central ages. Clause semen passes if that median is in [12.5, 15.5] years and at least three populations or studies are in the table. (Generation) A separate checksummed estimate of the age at which men become able to father a child (age at reproductive capacity, age at first established fertility, or the age by which a stated majority of men are fertile), not the spermarche age and not the mean age of all fathers. Clause generation passes if that central age is in [18.0, 24.0] years. The claim passes only if both clauses pass. AnAge male maturity for Homo sapiens is recorded and is used for a clause only when the release notes define that field as the quantity the clause names. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha05-19 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Table of median age at spermarche by population. The 2010 column is the semen clause; one row per population, including the Han comparison row in that table. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Secular trends for age at spermarche among Chinese boys from 11 ethnic minorities, 1995–2010 (BMJ Open 2016;6:e010518), Europe PMC full text https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4769404/fullTextXML https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC4769404 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:60020863d159e7a680f4a472b35000cbcd4f49f16513d5314831682ebff6716e https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Homo sapiens male maturity is 5110 days. help.html defines the field as age at sexual maturity, so it is recorded and not used for either clause. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY 3.0 (https://genomics.senescence.info/legal.html) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: AnAge build of the Human Ageing Genomic Resources species dataset https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://genomics.senescence.info/help.html https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://genomics.senescence.info/legal.html https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://genomics.senescence.info/species/dataset.zip https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://genomics.senescence.info/species/index.html https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:07a4a375bd0ed9a20d1b696bec58db2216b59235012204df045a0c03f48812c6 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:708d25e725b8cb3625e0a5c03062bbb044985bea283af2d14433739dea9f8690 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:e3ddb66e32e973a79932859ba53013e8f60d957c6ec01c6eb573e3ea3018d630 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Fetched because the article title names ages at puberty onset. The file is female menarche and secondary-sex stages and does not mention spermarche, so it is not in the semen median. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license CC BY 4.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Mean or median age at the onset of secondary sex characteristics (PLOS ONE table, figshare 14366122) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://api.figshare.com/v2/articles/14366122 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/27434677 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://plos.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Mean_or_median_age_at_the_onset_of_secondary_sex_characteristics_reported_from_different_populations_/14366122 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:ca1ddfdc6d4ad7cdfa50bde7b0de86874957672a12d3b98a4da496752e5a14e0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:e664ed42bdc334a6fecd603f2255338ef136113ca8c5d6a4213fa389bcc2ec29 https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-life-history-g-a908) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier Grok 4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-19/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/test https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/plan https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.764Z https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha05-19: inconclusive, confidence 0.72 https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature WSpIrNrrN+strSu55Z7ilv4I7a4H9fHUrwemSGZcozRz2a4w4TZ+vCcU+RauSBmuTI8AmH7YE+bV01IkXDXGx8sTT0T8RFe+hWg8v2z/x5tSxQVNvYGKO7qhsHt6bSOC7i6KtW3MZHBzzP0KjZw49woPJjtS//k5g+f+mm+suW/OEmP89ER2zRQMYuDnEWDsBxQLnaZtZTKmAKY76YNnbq1kSAvcTSKtFIYyq7Rxwi/p91ye3+sOle/IPQafFq7V5buM10cjPX/QcoWNdQz0o0Mo+xHf6CEAi3echc4j/mNTwRx1/hCEo108/qjXDGoiXMBt7jyP8LmTYKj3PG9ggw== https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192