[ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/provenance", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/aristotle-life-history-g-a908)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier": [ { "@value": "Grok 4.7" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel" ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/assertion", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-19/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/test" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/test", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/plan" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/plan", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/Head", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI", "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/assertion" } ], "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/provenance" } ], "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/pubinfo" } ], "@type": [ "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication" ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/assertion", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "The Europe PMC XML of Song and colleagues (BMJ Open 2016) was parsed for the table whose caption contains 'Age at spermarche'. Only the 2010 column was kept, one median per population, including the Han comparison row printed in that table. The semen statistic is the unweighted median of those twelve medians. AnAge Homo sapiens male maturity was converted from days with a 365.25-day year and left out of both clauses because the help page defines it as age at sexual maturity. The figshare workbook was scanned for the words spermarche and sperm and did not contain them. No fetched table stated an age at which men become able to father a child." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 13.995 unweighted median of 2010 population median ages at spermarche, years (n = 12, 11 of 12 population medians lie in [12.5, 15.5]). Interpretation: In the same chapter Aristotle says the first semen is unfruitful and that generative capacity comes later. 'Possess seminal fluid about the age of fourteen' is age at spermarche. 'Generatively capable at about twenty-one' is the later age of being able to father a child, not the mean age of fathers in a birth registry and not the age of the first sperm. 'About' is a window of 1.5 years around 14 and 3 years around 21. The denominator for the semen clause is the number of published population estimates, not a count of individual boys, unless the table itself is boy-level." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha05-19: inconclusive, confidence 0.72" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha05-19/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "Checksummed tables of human male puberty or fertility ages from a cohort, a national student survey, or AnAge, with the quantity named. Mean age of fathers, animal ages, and encyclopaedia prose are not estimates of either clause." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "The spermarche median lies outside 12.5 to 15.5, or the separate capacity age lies outside 18 to 24." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "AnAge records Homo sapiens male maturity as 5110 days, 13.99 years. The help page calls this age at sexual maturity. It was not entered for either clause." }, { "@value": "The figshare table (DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0247762.t004) is a compilation of ages at female menarche and other secondary-sex stages. It does not mention spermarche and is not in the median." }, { "@value": "The generation clause is untested. None of the fetched tables states an age at which men become able to father a child, so 'about twenty-one' is not scored. The pre-registered rule then makes the compound claim inconclusive rather than supported." }, { "@value": "The semen clause passes: the unweighted median of twelve 2010 population medians is 13.995 years, inside 12.5 to 15.5, and 11 of the 12 medians are inside that window. The Qiang median, 12.03, is outside it. The pre-registered statistic is the median of the medians, not a requirement that every population lie inside the window." }, { "@value": "The twelve rows are the 2010 cross-section of one Chinese student survey (eleven ethnic-minority groups plus the Han comparison row printed in the same table). Earlier survey years in the paper were not added, so a population is not counted twice. This is not a sample of all men." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "The median of published central ages at spermarche lies between 12.5 and 15.5 years, and a separate central age of male reproductive capacity lies between 18 and 24 years." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Refutes if the semen median is outside [12.5, 15.5], or if a separate generative-capacity age is outside [18.0, 24.0]. Mixed if one clause passes and the other fails. Inconclusive, reason underpowered, if the semen clause passes but no separate generative-capacity estimate is in the fetched tables. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if no spermarche table can be fetched. A single maturity age cannot be entered for both clauses." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.72", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "inconclusive" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "The age at which men first produce semen is about fourteen years, and a later, separate age at which they are able to father offspring is about twenty-one years." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Unweighted median of reported spermarche central ages versus [12.5, 15.5], requiring at least three estimates. Separate capacity age versus [18, 24]. Both must pass. One age cannot fill both clauses." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Two different measurements are required. (Semen) From a checksummed table of population median or mean ages at spermarche, take the unweighted median of those reported central ages. Clause semen passes if that median is in [12.5, 15.5] years and at least three populations or studies are in the table. (Generation) A separate checksummed estimate of the age at which men become able to father a child (age at reproductive capacity, age at first established fertility, or the age by which a stated majority of men are fertile), not the spermarche age and not the mean age of all fathers. Clause generation passes if that central age is in [18.0, 24.0] years. The claim passes only if both clauses pass. AnAge male maturity for Homo sapiens is recorded and is used for a clause only when the release notes define that field as the quantity the clause names." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Table of median age at spermarche by population. The 2010 column is the semen clause; one row per population, including the Han comparison row in that table." } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Secular trends for age at spermarche among Chinese boys from 11 ethnic minorities, 1995–2010 (BMJ Open 2016;6:e010518), Europe PMC full text" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC4769404/fullTextXML" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC4769404" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:60020863d159e7a680f4a472b35000cbcd4f49f16513d5314831682ebff6716e" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-2", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Homo sapiens male maturity is 5110 days. help.html defines the field as age at sexual maturity, so it is recorded and not used for either clause." } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY 3.0 (https://genomics.senescence.info/legal.html)" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: AnAge build of the Human Ageing Genomic Resources species dataset" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://genomics.senescence.info/help.html" }, { "@id": "https://genomics.senescence.info/legal.html" }, { "@id": "https://genomics.senescence.info/species/dataset.zip" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://genomics.senescence.info/species/index.html" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:07a4a375bd0ed9a20d1b696bec58db2216b59235012204df045a0c03f48812c6" }, { "@value": "sha256:708d25e725b8cb3625e0a5c03062bbb044985bea283af2d14433739dea9f8690" }, { "@value": "sha256:e3ddb66e32e973a79932859ba53013e8f60d957c6ec01c6eb573e3ea3018d630" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test--dataset-3", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "Fetched because the article title names ages at puberty onset. The file is female menarche and secondary-sex stages and does not mention spermarche, so it is not in the semen median." } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Mean or median age at the onset of secondary sex characteristics (PLOS ONE table, figshare 14366122)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://api.figshare.com/v2/articles/14366122" }, { "@id": "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/27434677" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://plos.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Mean_or_median_age_at_the_onset_of_secondary_sex_characteristics_reported_from_different_populations_/14366122" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:ca1ddfdc6d4ad7cdfa50bde7b0de86874957672a12d3b98a4da496752e5a14e0" }, { "@value": "sha256:e664ed42bdc334a6fecd603f2255338ef136113ca8c5d6a4213fa389bcc2ec29" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha05-19", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/pubinfo", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [ { "@value": "2026-11-08T16:24:31.764Z", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha05-19--claim-test" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha05-19: inconclusive, confidence 0.72" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI/sig", "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm": [ { "@value": "RSA" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey": [ { "@value": "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature": [ { "@value": "WSpIrNrrN+strSu55Z7ilv4I7a4H9fHUrwemSGZcozRz2a4w4TZ+vCcU+RauSBmuTI8AmH7YE+bV01IkXDXGx8sTT0T8RFe+hWg8v2z/x5tSxQVNvYGKO7qhsHt6bSOC7i6KtW3MZHBzzP0KjZw49woPJjtS//k5g+f+mm+suW/OEmP89ER2zRQMYuDnEWDsBxQLnaZtZTKmAKY76YNnbq1kSAvcTSKtFIYyq7Rxwi/p91ye3+sOle/IPQafFq7V5buM10cjPX/QcoWNdQz0o0Mo+xHf6CEAi3echc4j/mNTwRx1/hCEo108/qjXDGoiXMBt7jyP8LmTYKj3PG9ggw==" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RATHzyqjmK5zzXg0fqaPr0cNe3mT5XcK-iKuy3MyWCtbI" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ] } ] } ]