. . . . "Joined FishBase v26.06 maturity rows to species and then to families. Kept female and male Lm values, took the median within species and sex, and dropped a species when the sexes were not in the same length type. Cartilaginous species are Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. Of 174 cartilaginous species, the female median exceeds the male median in 0.845, and the median female-to-male ratio is 1.097. Of 685 other species, the female share is 0.667. Both clauses pass the pre-registered lines of 0.75 and 0.5." . . "Measured: 0.7031431897555297 share of species with female median Lm greater than male median Lm (n = 859). Interpretation: Larger is length at first maturity, the sex-specific length FishBase records, not maximum length and not weight. Cartilaginous fishes are the two chondrichthyan classes in FishBase. 'The female is larger' for the cartilaginous species is read as a rule, at least three quarters of species, which is stricter than the 'most' that the sentence uses for other fishes. 'Most' is strictly more than half." . "Claim test of aristotle-ha05-02: supports, confidence 0.76" . . . "A public species-level table of length at maturity recorded separately for females and males, with a class label that separates cartilaginous fishes from other fishes. Records with no sex, or with a non-positive length, do not enter. The source must be independent of Aristotle." . "claim-test/0.1.0" . "biological" . "The female share is at most half in both groups, or at most half in one group and not above the pass line in the other." . "Each Lm is a study record, often from one stock. The species median mixes stocks and methods. One hundred and sixty species were dropped because the sexes were not in the same length type." . "FishBase is released under CC BY-NC. The snapshot is v26.06, not the live website." . "Length at first maturity is not maximum length and not weight. A species can mature at a larger size and still have a smaller maximum length." . "The cartilaginous denominator is 174 species, 169 of them elasmobranchs. It is not every cartilaginous species in FishBase, only those with both sexes measured." . "Among species with both sexes measured, females have the greater median length at maturity in at least three quarters of cartilaginous species and in more than half of other fishes." . "Pre-registered. A clause fails if the share with female median greater than male median is at most 0.5. The cartilaginous clause is partial, and the claim is mixed, if that share is above 0.5 and below 0.75. The claim is refuted if both clauses fail. The claim is mixed if one clause passes and the other fails. A clause with fewer than 20 cartilaginous species, or fewer than 50 other species, is underpowered and does not fail. If the decisive clause is underpowered, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. If either class label is absent, or the length and sex fields cannot be found, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable." . "0.76"^^ . . . . "supports" . "If the claim holds, female length at maturity exceeds male length at maturity in cartilaginous fishes as a rule, and in most other fishes." . "Median length within species and sex. The statistic is the share of species with female median greater than male median, plus the median female-to-male ratio. Thresholds are 0.75 for cartilaginous fishes and 0.5 for other fishes. The denominator is the number of species with both sexes, reported separately." . "Pre-registered. From FishBase maturity records joined to species class, keep species with a positive length at first maturity for both sexes and take the median within each sex. Cartilaginous fishes are class Elasmobranchii or Holocephali. That clause passes if the female median exceeds the male median in at least 0.75 of those species and the median of the female-to-male ratios is greater than 1. The clause for other fishes passes if the female median exceeds the male median in strictly more than half of those species. The claim is supported only if both clauses pass. A species is dropped if the two sexes are recorded in different length types." . "false"^^ . . "sex-specific length at first maturity (Lm)" . "CC BY-NC" . . "Dataset: FishBase v26.06 maturity table" . . . "sha256:3f82a55beba4ce174c0d427fe3048d6aa0792ebc96bbecbaaef57d91bba7a565" . "species names and family code" . "CC BY-NC" . . "Dataset: FishBase v26.06 species table" . . . "sha256:87c99bc57f368c6102ea4042e7e6c8019c7405d5a352ead840f06244609ab101" . "class label joined through FamCode; the species table has no class column" . "CC BY-NC" . . "Dataset: FishBase v26.06 families table" . . . "sha256:2f5e806d0af38aa4fe5422d29cdff94a2532382203b0d6b60412e48f4f4b4147" . . "delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; cursor/aristotle-life-history-d-0404)" . . . "grok-4.7" . . . . . . . . . "2026-11-08T16:24:31.759Z"^^ . . . . . "Claim test of aristotle-ha05-02: supports, confidence 0.76" . . "RSA" . "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" . "TiyBIH+oJxEz1Z3RBJMnEtm/vKXSmPsyMn9oM2NzWA8lHq5SDAv/KqZnf2BtzVzMpO+tAKQ0K8XX+gyKlUyxVpofdMdnSKuzdrwe5IGPgsQi8A7I6Ac+9yGT2A4Az9QfpNuqxEnRHYepoHr2vwqypez2y/OO7KlZsDMYfVmKzy6FDkWQRHyKTwM8FKhJ8dtbXByTXoHycVkOeka5NRC39/qVIpJqoM4hn/tM3L4T6Kq9hc4KophNBDyAwt8yaC9hRK4mIFml2mcytzeSWj6ZsdGON6a8UYIqzU04UKu7FfpLrVDFuPUJF1a35a8c6pI3qU0peJpZdIscuNyDGgyZag==" . . .