https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA/Head https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RASQi1XpdSf0_jVHfh_s2xG2ArFCTGy1-nFsGxbSAzMyA/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Animal Diversity Web accounts for the Mediterranean monk seal, the harbour seal, the California sea lion, the walrus, the star-nosed mole, the naked mole-rat and the family Phocidae were downloaded. Sentences mentioning an external ear, pinna or auditory opening were kept. Absence patterns were applied before presence patterns. The family account was not allowed to stand in for either species. A phocid account that never mentions the ear makes the pre-registered test inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 1 phocid species accounts stating that the external ear is absent (n = 2). Interpretation: Aristotle's seal is a Mediterranean true seal. The scope names Phocidae, so the positive clause is tested on Monachus monachus and Phoca vitulina, not on sea lions. 'Alone among viviparous quadrupeds' is tested against a walrus, a mole and a naked mole-rat, all four-limbed and viviparous, and against the sea lion as another pinniped. Cetaceans are excluded because the claim is about quadrupeds. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-pa02-30: inconclusive, confidence 0.62 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa02-30/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Public species accounts that describe the external ear. Silence is not scored as absence. The pre-registered species list is closed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A phocid account grants an external pinna, or a walrus, mole, naked mole-rat or sea lion account denies one. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Cetaceans were excluded, as pre-registered, because the claim is about quadrupeds. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst No licence line was extracted from the account pages. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Sentence matching can miss a paraphrase. The kept sentences are stored in derived/measured.json. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The family page is context only. It cannot fill in a species account that does not mention the ear. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Monk seal and harbour seal accounts deny an external pinna, and the sea lion, walrus, mole and naked mole-rat accounts do not. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Refutes if either phocid account states that an external pinna is present, or if any non-phocid species in the set is stated to lack an external pinna. An absent pattern is a sentence matching 'no external ear', 'without external ears', 'lack pinna', 'no pinna', 'ears absent', 'lacking pinnae', or 'no external pinna', checked before any present pattern. Cetaceans are not in the set: they are not quadrupeds in this claim. Mixed if both phocids are scored absent but every non-phocid account is silent on the pinna, so the 'alone' clause is untested. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if either phocid account does not mention the external ear or pinna. Confidence 0.74 on a refute. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.62 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, true seals (Phocidae), including the Mediterranean monk seal, have an ear opening and no external pinna, and no other viviparous quadruped in the comparison set lacks an external pinna. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Sentence match for pinna absence versus presence, absence patterns first. The claim is the conjunction of phocid absence and uniqueness among the viviparous quadrupeds in the set. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Supports if both the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) and the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) accounts state that an external ear or pinna is absent, and none of the non-phocid viviparous quadrupeds in the set (California sea lion Zalophus californianus, walrus Odobenus rosmarus, star-nosed mole Condylura cristata, naked mole-rat Heterocephalus glaber) is stated to lack an external pinna. A family account for Phocidae is read as context and does not replace the two species. 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