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Sentences mentioning an external ear, pinna or auditory opening were kept. Absence patterns were applied before presence patterns. The family account was not allowed to stand in for either species. A phocid account that never mentions the ear makes the pre-registered test inconclusive." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 1 phocid species accounts stating that the external ear is absent (n = 2). Interpretation: Aristotle's seal is a Mediterranean true seal. The scope names Phocidae, so the positive clause is tested on Monachus monachus and Phoca vitulina, not on sea lions. 'Alone among viviparous quadrupeds' is tested against a walrus, a mole and a naked mole-rat, all four-limbed and viviparous, and against the sea lion as another pinniped. Cetaceans are excluded because the claim is about quadrupeds." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-pa02-30: inconclusive, confidence 0.62" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-pa02-30/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "Public species accounts that describe the external ear. Silence is not scored as absence. The pre-registered species list is closed." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "A phocid account grants an external pinna, or a walrus, mole, naked mole-rat or sea lion account denies one." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "Cetaceans were excluded, as pre-registered, because the claim is about quadrupeds." }, { "@value": "No licence line was extracted from the account pages." }, { "@value": "Sentence matching can miss a paraphrase. The kept sentences are stored in derived/measured.json." }, { "@value": "The family page is context only. It cannot fill in a species account that does not mention the ear." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "Monk seal and harbour seal accounts deny an external pinna, and the sea lion, walrus, mole and naked mole-rat accounts do not." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered. Refutes if either phocid account states that an external pinna is present, or if any non-phocid species in the set is stated to lack an external pinna. An absent pattern is a sentence matching 'no external ear', 'without external ears', 'lack pinna', 'no pinna', 'ears absent', 'lacking pinnae', or 'no external pinna', checked before any present pattern. Cetaceans are not in the set: they are not quadrupeds in this claim. Mixed if both phocids are scored absent but every non-phocid account is silent on the pinna, so the 'alone' clause is untested. Inconclusive, reason data-unavailable, if either phocid account does not mention the external ear or pinna. Confidence 0.74 on a refute." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.62", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-pa02-30--claim-test--dataset-1" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "inconclusive" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "If the claim holds, true seals (Phocidae), including the Mediterranean monk seal, have an ear opening and no external pinna, and no other viviparous quadruped in the comparison set lacks an external pinna." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Sentence match for pinna absence versus presence, absence patterns first. 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