https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc/Head https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Europe PMC was searched with a query that requires a female mule, fertile mule, female hinny, or recipient mule, and a reproductive-outcome word, and that excludes mule deer and ducks. Records were deduplicated by PMID or Europe PMC id. A live birth is a sentence with foal, offspring, parturition, or birth and without a negation. A non-birth pregnancy is a sentence that has both a conception or pregnancy term and an abortion, resorption, or failure-to-give-birth term. The word sterile alone is not a non-birth pregnancy. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 8 deduplicated Europe PMC records classified as a live birth to a female mule or female hinny (n = 8, title and abstract only; one paper may be in both classes). Interpretation: The claim sentence says a female mule has been impregnated without the impregnation being followed by birth. Read as a generalization about female mules (Equus caballus × E. asinus), a live birth contradicts the 'without birth' half and a documented pregnancy that does not end in birth supports that half. The two together are mixed. Female hinnies are the reciprocal hybrid and are counted separately in the measured output; they enter the verdict because the same sterility claim is the one the veterinary literature tests. Papers that only restate Aristotle are not outcomes. 'Sterile' without a pregnancy term is not a non-birth pregnancy. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha06-37: refutes, confidence 0.72 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha06-37/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Europe PMC title-and-abstract records returned by the pre-registered query, which requires the words for a female mule or fertile mule and a reproductive outcome. Full texts are not required. Records must be the search result, not a hand-picked list of famous cases. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation An abstract records a live foal whose dam is a female mule or female hinny, with no abstract recording a pregnancy that failed to end in birth. Both kinds of outcome together are mixed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Classification uses titles and abstracts, not full texts. A birth reported only in the paper body is missed. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Embryo-transfer foals born to a recipient mule match the pre-registered live-birth pattern and are counted. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Female hinnies are counted, as the pre-registration requires, and are also reported separately. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Papers that only restate sterility, without a pregnancy that failed, are not in the non-birth class. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Open abstracts record at least one female-mule pregnancy that does not produce a live foal, and none record a live foal born to a female mule. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion At least one record is classified as a live birth to a female mule or female hinny and zero records are classified as a pregnancy that did not end in a live birth. If both classes have at least one record, the verdict is mixed. If the search succeeds and both classes have zero records, the verdict is inconclusive with reason other. If the search itself fails, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.72 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict refutes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If a female mule can be impregnated and that impregnation is not followed by birth, and this is the situation the sentence describes rather than one case among others, then the open case literature will contain pregnancies of female mules that do not end in a live birth and will not contain a live birth to a female mule. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Deduplicate by PMID or Europe PMC id. Classify each title plus abstract with the pre-registered patterns: live birth if the dam is a female mule or hinny and the text reports a foal, offspring or parturition; non-birth if a conception or pregnancy term co-occurs with abortion, resorption, failure to give birth, or impregnation not followed by parturition. One paper may fall in both classes. The verdict follows the two counts. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion At least one Europe PMC record is classified as a female-mule or female-hinny pregnancy that did not end in a live birth, and zero records are classified as a live birth to a female mule or female hinny. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha06-37 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description titles and abstracts returned by the pre-registered query https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license Europe PMC metadata and abstracts, retrieved from the public API https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Europe PMC search for female-mule and female-hinny reproductive outcomes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=%28%22female%20mule%22%20OR%20%22fertile%20mule%22%20OR%20%22mule%20mare%22%20OR%20%22she-mule%22%20OR%20%22female%20hinny%22%20OR%20%22fertile%20hinny%22%20OR%20%22offspring%20of%20a%20female%20mule%22%20OR%20%22offspring%20of%20a%20hinny%22%20OR%20%22hinny%20and%20her%20offspring%22%20OR%20%22recipient%20mule%22%20OR%20%22recipient%20mules%22%29%20AND%20%28foal%20OR%20pregnan%2A%20OR%20parturition%20OR%20abort%2A%20OR%20impregnat%2A%20OR%20conception%20OR%20offspring%20OR%20birth%20OR%20foaled%20OR%20foaling%29%20NOT%20%28duck%2A%20OR%20%22mule%20deer%22%20OR%20Odocoileus%20OR%20Cairina%20OR%20Anas%20OR%20Muscovy%29&format=json&resultType=core https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://europepmc.org/search?query=%28%22female%20mule%22%20OR%20%22fertile%20mule%22%20OR%20%22mule%20mare%22%20OR%20%22she-mule%22%20OR%20%22female%20hinny%22%20OR%20%22fertile%20hinny%22%20OR%20%22offspring%20of%20a%20female%20mule%22%20OR%20%22offspring%20of%20a%20hinny%22%20OR%20%22hinny%20and%20her%20offspring%22%20OR%20%22recipient%20mule%22%20OR%20%22recipient%20mules%22%29%20AND%20%28foal%20OR%20pregnan%2A%20OR%20parturition%20OR%20abort%2A%20OR%20impregnat%2A%20OR%20conception%20OR%20offspring%20OR%20birth%20OR%20foaled%20OR%20foaling%29%20NOT%20%28duck%2A%20OR%20%22mule%20deer%22%20OR%20Odocoileus%20OR%20Cairina%20OR%20Anas%20OR%20Muscovy%29 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-37--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum sha256:1200f3c95907f243ce731541938bf8e828fc0b7b4088ea09e698bcc12cfac257 https://w3id.org/np/RARmE7wif6hpKuRL5d_MW89r10k2mBRM22gHYY5XnUzzc/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; 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