[ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/Head", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM", "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/assertion" } ], "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/provenance" } ], "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/pubinfo" } ], "@type": [ "http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication" ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/pubinfo", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/created": [ { "@value": "2026-11-08T16:24:31.779Z", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-05--claim-test" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha08-05: mixed, confidence 0.66" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/aristotle-biology" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/sig", "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm": [ { "@value": "RSA" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey": [ { "@value": "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature": [ { "@value": "owS2/TAmg/Xz9PA4jdoMUvkZ+p9NdDY1PkN9iOnnbPYVCEfSUYc3zX5WBO46IjOJXPPg6GVq5CBlTyQD0EwjMwbSqnBl+02/yCHWjOE0aa70FAgk1Pus06NITU5/cVRp+kdfD5xAeosag9+qHfs2m2yKt+psGvGnSeF/MS2jh56Tn3o2RMrxIluOHSrMDo4DizDK8bEqTwVJxkyEJ5tjRcRB5vD1cpgMBt4G4WqFhuWMhVuCSQCjgH09PWQ9oF8D1TeEbDIDuYR9GsnfIAPBoBXxNwY11Mi8MrLRkxZshbSSfiOBVVSjp2zJo0A+oLZ52Ho8ZPqmlYkga/IAWHqf9A==" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM" } ], "http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/assertion", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-05--claim-test", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "analysis.py fetches the Europe PMC JATS XML of Fahlman et al. (Royal Society Open Science, 2018) and the Reeves et al. (2013) bycatch supplement, and records failed fetches of the Journal of Experimental Biology PDF (HTTP 403) and the Lyamin et al. sleep-review XML (HTTP 500). From the respiration paper it reads the stated resting oxygen-uptake range and tidal-volume range, and counts individual dolphins in Table 1 with a positive number of breaths collected in air. Deck time is the stated duration of measurements on the deck. From the supplement it counts Delphinidae species lines that carry a positive mortality token (a range, an inequality, or a count marked a or b) after year-ranges are removed. The asphyxia subclause is scored only if the supplement text codes drowning, asphyxia or suffocation. Clause scores are combined by the pre-registered rule." } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [ { "@value": "Measured: 2 clauses passing out of lungs, nets, out of water, and sleep (n = 27). Interpretation: Aristotle's dolphin is read as a delphinid (the Mediterranean dolphin he netted), not every cetacean. 'Inhales air into his lungs' is oxygen uptake or tidal volume measured at the blowhole. 'Quickly suffocated for lack of air' when netted is split into death in entangling nets and a coded cause of asphyxia. 'A considerable while' out of water is at least 10 minutes of voluntary breathing while hauled out. 'Keeps his nose above water' while sleeping is surface rest with the blowhole exposed. The blowhole-takes-in-water remark in the same passage is not part of this claim." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of aristotle-ha08-05: mixed, confidence 0.66" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha08-05/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "A downloaded paper table or data file with a checksum, recording measurements or compiled counts for Delphinidae. Narrative reviews count only where they contain a table of observations. Wikipedia, textbooks and untabled prose do not count. The dataset must be independently published, not derived from this repository." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "No air exchange or no lungs; zero net mortality where dolphins are listed; haul-out breathing under 2 minutes or impossible; sleep only with the blowhole submerged." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "Deck duration is the paper's stated session range, 20–60 min, not a per-animal time in Table 1. The pass threshold was 10 min for at least 3 individuals." }, { "@value": "Lungs and haul-out are decided by Fahlman et al. 2018: resting oxygen uptake 0.76–9.45 ml O2 min−1 kg−1 and tidal volume 2.2–10.4 l in Tursiops truncatus, and 27 individuals with breaths collected in air. The 2015 lung-mechanics PDF returned HTTP 403 and was not used." }, { "@value": "The Lyamin et al. 2008 sleep review (PMC8742503) returned HTTP 500 from Europe PMC, so sleep with the blowhole above water was not scored. Prose was not used as a table." }, { "@value": "The bycatch supplement shows positive gillnet mortality for 24 delphinid species lines, including Tursiops truncatus, but it does not code the cause as suffocation. One of those lines is the genus name Stenella where the epithet is on another line. The 'lack of air' subclause is unscored, so the nets clause is not a pass." }, { "@value": "The respiration sample is the bottlenose dolphin, not a demonstration for every dolphin species Aristotle might have meant. Bycatch figures are compiled literature counts, which the supplement itself describes as negatively biased." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "Delphinids show positive air-breath volumes or oxygen uptake, positive gillnet mortality, voluntary breathing sessions out of water of at least 10 minutes, and surface-sleep bouts with the blowhole above water." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered. Lungs fails if the respiratory table reports no air exchange, gill ventilation, or lungs absent. Nets fails if Delphinidae are listed and every mortality count and estimate is zero. Out of water fails if the longest voluntary haul-out with breathing is under 2 minutes, or the animals are described as unable to breathe once out of water. Sleep fails if rest is recorded only while submerged with the blowhole under water and surface-sleep bouts are zero. Two or more failed clauses refutes the claim. Any other split (a pass together with a fail, or a pass together with a clause that has no table) is mixed. If no clause can be scored, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A sleep or bycatch table that does not record the posture or the cause of death leaves that subclause not-operationalizable rather than failed." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.66", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-05--claim-test--dataset-1" }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-05--claim-test--dataset-2" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "mixed" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "If the claim holds, fetched measurements show that a dolphin (family Delphinidae) exchanges oxygen from air through lungs, dies when caught in nets, remains alive and breathing for a considerable time out of water, and sleeps with the blowhole above the surface." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Each clause is scored pass, fail or unscored from the thresholds above. Supports requires all four passes; refutes requires at least two fails; any remaining split is mixed; no scored clause is inconclusive (data-unavailable)." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "Pre-registered, clause by clause. Lungs: a respiratory table reports positive oxygen uptake or tidal volume from air breaths for at least 3 individuals of a Delphinidae species. Nets: a bycatch table records a positive death count or estimate for at least one Delphinidae species in gillnets or other entangling nets; the 'lack of air' subclause passes only if a fetched source codes the cause as drowning, asphyxia or suffocation for at least one dolphin. Out of water: a study reports voluntary air-breathing while the animal is out of the water lasting at least 10 minutes for at least 3 individuals. Sleep: an observation table records at least 3 bouts, or at least 2 animals, of a delphinid sleeping or resting stationary at the surface with the blowhole above the water. The claim supports only if all four clauses pass." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered": [ { "@value": "false", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-05--claim-test--dataset-1", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "air-breath oxygen uptake, tidal volume, and minutes on deck for Tursiops truncatus" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Field energetics and lung function in wild bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in Sarasota Bay, Florida" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5792913/fullTextXML" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5792913" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:0fe23666c0081045d649a7fd2836e98c2fdb69a6453b81a3c6937c87c2b2dec2" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha08-05--claim-test--dataset-2", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/description": [ { "@value": "delphinid death counts and estimates in gillnets and entangling nets" } ], "http://purl.org/dc/terms/license": [ { "@value": "not stated in the downloaded file" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Dataset: Marine mammal bycatch in gillnet and other entangling net fisheries, 1990 to 2011 (supplement)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#atLocation": [ { "@id": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/suppl/n020p071_supp.pdf" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://www.int-res.com/articles/suppl/n020p071_supp.pdf" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasChecksum": [ { "@value": "sha256:9281df8879cf3d4d741a50c0735452eef8ac5410904cc7b89226e204e2bfedcb" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha08-05", "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha08-05--claim-test" } ] } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/provenance", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent" ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "delphisci claim tester (grok-4.7; cursor/aristotle-anatomy-a-3db5)" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf": [ { "@id": "https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7", "http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier": [ { "@value": "grok-4.7" } ], "@type": [ "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel" ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/assertion", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha08-05/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/test" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/test", "@type": [ "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity" ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/plan" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7" } ] }, { "@id": "https://w3id.org/np/RAQX_t_5-Euyxp_KOJuMaIvusnUBSHpEjjSBABQQX-fVM/plan", "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md" } ] } ] } ]