https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAPZN9fRxYwXXN3Tb8NZwzlogmxK7EENiP7qV6Lwd4V6o/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description The newest FishBase snapshot in the public listing was v26.06. Species were joined to families on FamCode and kept when Class was Teleostei, Holostei, Chondrostei, or Cladistii. TypeofScales was read from morphdat (column Speccode) and reproductive guilds from reproduc, one species code each; a species whose rows disagreed was not scored. Cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid, and other texts containing 'scale' but not an absence phrase were scaly. 'Scales absent' was smooth. Nonguarders and guarders were oviparous. 'Internal live bearers' were not oviparous. 'External brooders' were oviparous. The floors were applied separately to scaly species, smooth species outside Anguillidae, and Anguillidae. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 19 Anguillidae species coded as egg scatterers (n = 20). Interpretation: Scaly fishes are actinopterygians whose scale field says scales are present, including cycloid, ctenoid, and ganoid. Smooth or slippery fishes are actinopterygians coded scaleless, naked, or without scales. The eel exception is the family Anguillidae. Oviparous means egg-laying. Viviparous and ovoviviparous are not oviparous. If the table uses reproductive guilds instead of those words, bearers and live-bearers count as not oviparous, and nonguarders and guarders count as oviparous only when the guild text does not say viviparous. Cartilaginous fishes are outside the claim's bony-fish scope. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ha06-20: mixed, confidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ha06-20/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A versioned FishBase snapshot with a species row, a scale code, and a reproductive mode, joined on the species code. A mode missing for a species is not evidence about that species. Wikipedia is not admissible. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation Five or more live-bearing scaly species, five or more live-bearing smooth non-eel species, or an oviparous eel. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Eight further scaly species, all Apogonidae, are coded only 'bearers' with no internal or external subcategory. They are not used as the five viviparous counterexamples. Other bearer rows in the same table are external brooders, which lay eggs. Counting these eight as viviparous would push the scaly clause over the floor of five; that reading is rejected in deviations. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst FishBase licence for this snapshot was not stated in the files that were fetched, so the licence is unresolved. Cartilaginous fishes were left out of the scope. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The eel clause refutes. Nineteen of twenty Anguillidae species have a guild, and all nineteen are nonguarders and open-water or substratum egg scatterers, including Anguilla anguilla. The claim excepts the eel from oviparity. One anguillid, Anguilla borneensis, has no guild and is not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The scale field also misses the live-bearers. Of 456 ray-finned species whose guild says internal live bearer, 453 have no scale type, three are scaly, and none are smooth. Those 453 are not relabelled as scaly. A blank scale is not evidence either way. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The scaly clause is underpowered. Among 1,673 scaly species with a guild, three are coded internal live bearers: Acarobythites larsonae, Helicolenus lengerichi, and Zoarces fedorovi. The pre-registered refutation floor is five, and one to four counterexamples stays underpowered. The clause also does not support, because support required zero viviparous species. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The smooth clause is underpowered. TypeofScales is blank for 32,142 of 35,254 ray-finned species. Only four species are coded 'scales absent', and none of those four has a guild, against a denominator floor of 30. Aristotle's smooth fishes are not recovered by that code: Anguilla anguilla, the eel he called smooth, is coded cycloid where a scale type is present. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation No viviparous or ovoviviparous species among at least 100 scaly bony fishes, none among at least 30 smooth bony fishes other than eels, and no oviparous eel. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion The scaly clause refutes if at least 5 scaly species with a mode are viviparous or ovoviviparous and at least 100 scaly species are scored. One to four counterexamples is underpowered. The smooth clause refutes at the same count of 5, with its denominator of at least 30. The eel clause refutes if at least one Anguillidae species is oviparous. If the scaly clause refutes and the eel clause refutes, the verdict is refutes. If they disagree, the verdict is mixed and the clauses are named. If FishBase has no scale field, the scaly-versus-smooth split is inconclusive with reason not-operationalizable, and species are not relabelled as all fishes. If the mode field is missing, the verdict is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If the claim holds, every scaly bony fish with a recorded reproductive mode is oviparous, and every smooth bony fish except the eel is oviparous, while eels are not. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Join the scale code to the reproductive mode on species code, restrict to Actinopterygii, and apply the floors separately to scaly fishes, smooth non-eels, and Anguillidae. Do not count a species twice. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion The scaly clause supports if at least 100 scaly actinopterygian species have a reproductive mode and none are viviparous or ovoviviparous. The smooth clause supports on the same rule for scaleless species outside Anguillidae, with a denominator of at least 30. The eel clause supports if every Anguillidae species with a mode is not oviparous and at least one such species is scored. Overall supports only if all three clauses support. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ha06-20 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description scale type and reproductive guild joined on species code, restricted to ray-finned classes https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ha06-20--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license unresolved. 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