https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4 http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAO0fEmrxckxBJEtIiQDf37hfC0OgkVdC7b8gbqB92PA4/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Downloaded the PMC XML for Cunha and colleagues on spotted-hyena external genitalia. Read the specimen sentence: 19 adults, with roughly equal numbers of males and females. A split of 19 in which one sex had 3 or fewer would not be roughly equal, so both sexes clear the floor of 4. The manuscript sexes those adults as males or females and names a penis in the male and a penile clitoris in the female. It does not use the word hermaphrodite. The mark under the tail was searched as subcaudal, under the tail, anal pouch and scent pouch, and none of those phrases occur, so that clause was not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 0 uses of hermaphrodite in the manuscript that sexes 19 adults as male or female (n = 19, the manuscript says roughly equal sexes and does not print the exact split). Interpretation: The quote is: This is untrue, for the hyena has been seen to have only one pudendum, there being no lack of opportunity for observation in some districts, but hyenas have under the tail a line like the pudendum of the female. The claim denies that one hyena carries both male and female genitals. It does not deny that the female's single genital structure can resemble a penis. The mark under the tail is a second, separate clause and is scored only when a source places a line or pouch under the tail in both sexes. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga03-16: inconclusive, confidence 0.64 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga03-16/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets A public specimen-level or sex-by-structure table for a named hyena species, with a count of males and of females. A review sentence that names no count is not admissible. The denominator is the animals in the table, not all hyenas. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A scored animal is recorded as dual-sexed, or one sex lacks the mark under the tail in half or more of its animals. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Females are described with a penile clitoris, a pseudo-scrotum and no external vaginal opening. The manuscript still calls them females and calls the male structure a penis. That is one sex per animal in the authors' scoring, which is the pre-registered reading. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The denominator is these 19 captive adults of Crocuta crocuta, not every hyena. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The exact count of adult males and of adult females is not printed. The floor is inferred from 'roughly equal' among 19 adults. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The mark under the tail is not in this manuscript. The conjunction is therefore unconfirmed. The genital clause alone does not support the whole claim. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation In a scored sample, no hyena is recorded with both a penis and a separate vagina, and both sexes are recorded with a mark under the tail. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Refute the conjunction if the genital clause is scored and at least one animal is scored as dual-sexed, or if the mark clause is scored and at least one sex has the mark in fewer than half of its animals. One scored clause with no exceptions and the other unscored is inconclusive with reason underpowered. No specimen table is inconclusive with reason data-unavailable. A species-level sentence with no count of animals is not a denominator. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.64 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict inconclusive https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis Hyenas are not dual-sexed: each animal has one set of external genitals, and both sexes have a mark under the tail resembling the female genitals. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Count exceptions. Zero dual-sexed animals supports the genital clause. The mark supports only if it is present in every scored animal of both sexes. A clause below 4 animals per sex is not scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Supports only if both clauses are scored. The genital clause is scored when a fetched specimen table has at least 4 males and 4 females of one named hyena species and every animal is scored as one sex, with no animal scored as having both a penis and a separate vagina. A peniform clitoris in an animal the source scores as female is one structure, not both sexes. The mark clause is scored when that same table, or another specimen table of at least 4 males and 4 females, records a mark, line or pouch under the tail in every animal of both sexes. Both clauses zero-exceptions supports the claim. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/aristotle-ga03-16 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description specimen ages and the male-versus-female phallus descriptions https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga03-16--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license This file is available for text mining. 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