https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs/Head https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RAMuR39dCg1iBPttEqCbnInA1uu5ljwfr71haELyiQUJs/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description Queried the iNaturalist observations API for each pre-registered species and colour term, kept research-grade observations with a photo whose community taxon matched the species, and required the term in the description, tags, or observation fields without a negation in the preceding window. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 4 named groups with at least one qualifying observation (n = 4). Interpretation: The claim says white individuals have been observed in uniformly coloured kinds, naming partridges, ravens, sparrows and bears. It does not give a frequency, and the phrase 'development is perverted' is not tested by a photograph. Partridge is read as Perdix perdix and Alectoris rufa, not as seasonally white grouse. Sparrow is the house sparrow. Bears are brown and black bears, including the Kermode white morph, which is a white individual of a normally dark species. Ursus maritimus is excluded. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of aristotle-ga05-16: supports, confidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/aristotle-biology/aristotle-ga05-16/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Public, georeferenced or photographed occurrence records with a species identification and a text field that states colour. The species must be ones that are ordinarily dark: red-legged and grey partridge, common raven, house sparrow, brown bear and American black bear. Polar bears, ptarmigan, and other normally white species are out of scope. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind biological https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation A complete survey of those species with no white individual. This iNaturalist search cannot show that, so absence is not a refutation. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst General knowledge before the search is that white individuals of these groups are reported. The pass rule is still one qualifying record per group, not a count chosen after seeing the API. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Research grade is a community identification, not a new identification made for this test. The photographs themselves are not re-scored. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst The partridge hit is observation 315665543, whose description is 'Possibly Leucistic?'. The pre-registered rule counts a term match, including a hedged one, and the observation was kept. It is a weaker identification than the raven, sparrow, and bear records. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst White animals are photographed and described more often than ordinary ones, so this search can support existence and cannot estimate frequency. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Each of the four named groups has a research-grade photograph identified as that species and described as albino, leucistic, or a white morph. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. Zero qualifying observations do not refute an existence claim, because iNaturalist is not a complete survey. If one, two, or three groups have a qualifying observation and the others have none after the search limits below, the verdict is mixed (confidence 0.55). If every group has none, or the API does not return results, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered or data-unavailable (confidence 0.45). Seasonal white species and the polar bear are not in the groups. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict supports https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis If white individuals occur in partridges, ravens, sparrows and bears that are ordinarily not white, iNaturalist has at least one research-grade, photographed observation of each named group whose description, tags or observation fields say the animal is albino, leucistic, or a white morph. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod Query the iNaturalist observations API once per species and term, up to two pages of 50 research-grade observations, filter text client-side with the negation window, and score groups by whether any observation remains. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/aristotle-ga05-16--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. Support requires at least one qualifying observation in every group: partridge (Perdix perdix or Alectoris rufa), raven (Corvus corax), sparrow (Passer domesticus), and bear (Ursus arctos or Ursus americanus). A qualifying observation is research grade, has at least one photo, has a community taxon equal to the queried species or a subspecies of it, and contains a term below in the description, tags, or observation-field values, not negated in the 15 characters before the match. 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