https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/Head https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasAssertion https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/assertion https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasProvenance https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/provenance https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#hasPublicationInfo https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#Nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/assertion https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test http://purl.org/dc/terms/description analysis.py evolves each locked second-order rule from both seeds, computes overlapping 8-bit block entropy of the concatenated current rows, and counts 4-connected black components inside the locked size box. A 20-step round trip is checked for every rule. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment Measured: 6 localized components in the one subject run that had any (73R, block seed) (n = 8, component count under the locked box; H8 is a plugin estimate on 8256 bits). Interpretation: The page lists reversible rules including 0R, 26R, 37R, 73R, 90R and 122R, and says reversible systems can still look random and can form localized structures. The test uses four of those rules as the stated set and the two the book calls simple as controls. 'Random' here is high block entropy of the space-time, not a statistical test suite. 'Localized' is the component bound above, not a glider catalog. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of wolfram2002-ch09-03: mixed, confidence 0.63 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/wolfram-nks/wolfram2002-ch09-03/result.json https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets Only the locked rules, width, steps and seeds. No survey outside the set. Not evidence about organisms. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType claim-test/0.1.0 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind computational https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation No finite observation in this set refutes the existential claim. A single phenomenon is mixed. Neither phenomenon, or a control that looks as random as the subjects, is inconclusive. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Components do not wrap around the ring, so a structure crossing the edge is split. A match says nothing about organisms. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Controls stayed simple: 0R at 0.528502 and 0.920883, 90R at 2.587075 and 2.326024, all under 5. Every 20-step round trip returned to its start. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Finite set and finite bound: four rules, width 64, 128 steps, two seeds. Absence of a high-entropy run here does not show that no reversible rule looks random. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst Localized structures did appear: rule 73R on the block seed has 6 components inside the locked box. The highest subject entropy is that same run, H8 = 6.236165, which misses the locked randomness bar of 6.5. No subject run cleared 6.5. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation Some run among 26R, 37R, 73R, 122R and the two seeds has H8 >= 6.5, some run has a localized component, and both seeds of 0R and 90R have H8 < 5. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion Pre-registered. There is no refutation from this finite set: if the controls and round trips pass but only one of the two phenomena appears, the verdict is mixed; if neither appears, the verdict is inconclusive with reason underpowered. If a control has H8 >= 5 or a round trip fails, the verdict is inconclusive because the statistic or the implementation did not separate the book's simple rules. This says nothing about organisms. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence 0.63 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test--dataset-1 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict mixed https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis At least one of the second-order rules 26R, 37R, 73R and 122R, on a width-64 ring for 128 steps, has overlapping 8-bit block entropy at least 6.5 and at least one of them forms a localized structure, while rules 0R and 90R stay below entropy 5. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod H8 of concatenated rows against 6.5 and 5.0, plus a count of 4-connected components inside the locked size box, after the round-trip check. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion Pre-registered. The set is exactly 26R, 37R, 73R, 122R. Controls are 0R and 90R. Second-order step (previous, current) -> (current, previous XOR elementary(rule, current)), periodic, width 64, 128 steps. Seeds: a single black cell at the center, and center bits 1110111 with previous all white. H8 is the Shannon entropy of overlapping 8-bit blocks of the current rows concatenated in time. A localized structure is a 4-connected component of black cells in that space-time, size 8..80, bounding width at most 12, duration at least 10; component edges do not wrap. Supports if some subject run has H8 >= 6.5 and some subject run (possibly another) has at least one localized structure, every control run has H8 < 5, and a 20-step round trip restores both seeds for every rule. The claim is existential, so a miss is not a refutation. https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/preregistered false https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/claim/wolfram2002-ch09-03 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasAssessment https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/description the stated reversible set and the two simple controls https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://purl.org/dc/terms/license generated data https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/EvidenceItem https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Dataset: Second-order rules 26R, 37R, 73R, 122R with controls 0R and 90R https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test--dataset-1 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://www.wolframscience.com/nks/notes-9-2--second-order-cellular-automata/ https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/provenance https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#SoftwareAgent https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label delphisci claim tester (Grok 4.7; cursor/wolfram-claim-tests-b-355b) https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#actedOnBehalfOf https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/usesModel https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier Grok 4.7 https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/model/grok-4-7 http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/LanguageModel https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/wolfram-nks/wolfram2002-ch09-03/result.json https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/assertion http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/test https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/plan http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadPlan https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/README.md https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/test http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/plan https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/test http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-grok-4-7 https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/pubinfo https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://purl.org/dc/terms/created 2026-11-08T16:24:31.933Z https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192 https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://purl.org/dc/terms/license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasNanopubType https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/Assessment https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/assessment/wolfram2002-ch09-03--claim-test https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label Claim test of wolfram2002-ch09-03: mixed, confidence 0.63 https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/domain https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/domain/wolfram-nks-2002 https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm RSA https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAyFHtPB6p0mCjDozxlOY9CmO3nBm7Te3jFbXyLmM+G1tGe47Da0jYIbhkl9Oo1ZjxmCa3LCwlEqK8gj6hEIcL4ahW30JXh9HycfKVk1bugkzMEV15tJdTzAU3sGMFnbNsn43xY2LFLy45tApkRm5byEiM7oRRrooIdwoQKnP4Wzq/bfAoJ9qvW+MGkelyOTd1jbSt+KfmT7xKmDfWzAHddUlWwMX2QJOLxDaffOteTop6ZRgPiNmPJKA/S62Gac9XtSYT3oDkZ6/nr5cxxNLpOyxTf5FPISiCe11xYO/unYjY+mwnOfA8yhJIyx1l0O9I0vpOpn+E5TvyHJV+oSTrvwIDAQAB https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature FJrQyVbm6qC5EPtWLFUFum7YpYkchZJNQ4TpdQX3WOeJkGajZ4AM2jo4IogRqZR1gI2OKR3qmXjEFoiuHhtzWdp/UouWK6/FWshArEtdsEQRQbSCAzBPya+v1FKyu/dfiJTvXsCjmD4pff9Gh4lRI956BIVLQV9+fSNXwW09B/qRnUSuYMFYJXUsMk6M7brXg2LV8ApvhitK7FkvGUpuMbpDEog2Ua2oWNRwlrPnQEcndVa26IM41Ocs7SO1AqKnVTNjoOOW05q2ww/QXHysjedbCd4wb6mJuGBGyj4BSYNxMR/eQ1fS5JUdq2kxwuI9Zzrh0ZxHCqu5bwiCLOnZfQ== https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU https://w3id.org/np/RALYJCqSWt-21HisXQ3NxU0MG_q_e4u4zFRxe6CAbPgAU/sig http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4948-9192