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Interpretation: Wallace wrote of animals; PanTHERIA covers mammals only, so the test is of the claim restricted to mammals, with 'abundance' read as population density (individuals per km2). Eagles, lions, pigeons and antelopes are illustrations, not the scope. Phylogenetic non-independence is not corrected for; the claim is about the cross-species pattern." } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [ { "@value": "Claim test of wallace1858-02: supports, confidence 0.85" } ], "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/fractastical/delphisci/blob/bf2af6ee0a84e23ffa6414ad7a0a50a8c276506e/test-data/claim-tests/evolution-after-darwin/wallace1858-02/result.json" } ], "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/agent/delphisci-claim-tester-claude-fable-5-1" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/admissibleDatasets": [ { "@value": "Planned datasets: pantheria-1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/assessmentType": [ { "@value": "claim-test/0.1.0" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/dataKind": [ { "@value": "biological" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/disconfirmingObservation": [ { "@value": "Neither (a) nor (b): refutes. Exactly one: mixed. Fewer than 200 species with density, mass and trophic level: inconclusive." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/evidenceAgainst": [ { "@value": "Abundance is read as population density; PanTHERIA density values are compiled from heterogeneous field studies with no correction for phylogeny or study method." }, { "@value": "Mammals only, so the test covers the claim restricted to one class; Wallace's scope was animals." }, { "@value": "The body-mass slope is Damuth's rule restated; the trophic-level coefficient is the part specific to Wallace's carnivore/herbivore sentence." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/expectedObservation": [ { "@value": "In PanTHERIA species with both density and adult body mass: (a) OLS slope of log10 density on log10 mass is negative with 95% CI excluding 0; and (b) in log10 density ~ log10 mass + trophic level (factor: 1 herbivore, 2 omnivore, 3 carnivore), the carnivore-versus-herbivore coefficient is negative with 95% CI excluding 0. Both: supports." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/failCriterion": [ { "@value": "Neither (a) nor (b): refutes. Exactly one: mixed. Fewer than 200 species with density, mass and trophic level: inconclusive." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasConfidence": [ { "@value": "0.85", "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasEvidence": [ { "@id": "https://w3id.org/delphi/resource/evidence/wallace1858-02--claim-test--dataset-1" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hasVerdict": [ { "@value": "supports" } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/hypothesis": [ { "@value": "If large animals cannot be as abundant as small ones and carnivores must be less numerous than herbivores, then across mammal species population density falls with body mass, and carnivores have lower density than herbivores at the same body mass." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/inferenceMethod": [ { "@value": "Species with adult body mass and population density: OLS of log10 density on log10 mass (a); then OLS of log10 density on log10 mass plus omnivore and carnivore dummies against herbivores (b), 95% t-intervals." } ], "https://w3id.org/delphi/ontology/passCriterion": [ { "@value": "In PanTHERIA species with both density and adult body mass: (a) OLS slope of log10 density on log10 mass is negative with 95% CI excluding 0; and (b) in log10 density ~ log10 mass + trophic level (factor: 1 herbivore, 2 omnivore, 3 carnivore), the carnivore-versus-herbivore coefficient is negative with 95% CI excluding 0. 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